PART I

Question 0

A PERICARDIAL KNOCK is associated with…

Answer 0

Constructive Pericarditis

Question 1

Which of the following can mimic MITRAL STENOSIS?

Answer 1

Left Atrial Myxoma

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct definition for RAYLEIGH SCATTERING?

Answer 2

A form of scattering; When sound scatters systemically in all directions

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct definition for MVP?

Answer 3

Mitral Valve Prolapse; Posterior displacement of one or both MV leaflets in the LEFT ATRIUM during systole

Question 4

What equation is used to calculate the pressure gradient across:

ASD
VSD or
PDA

Answer 4

Qp/Qs ratio

Question 5

Define PROPAGATION SPEED

Answer 5

Speed at which sound travels thru a medium

Question 6

Which of the following are complications of MITRAL STENOSIS?

Answer 6

Left Atrial Enlargement
A Fib
Mitral Regurge

Question 7

With MITRAL STENOSIS it is possible to see a thrombus in the…

Answer 7

Left Atrium

Question 8

What is the most common type of BENIGN CARDIAC TUMOR found in LEFT ATRIUM?

Answer 8

MYXOMA

Question 9

A common cause of RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY is

Answer 9

AMYLOIDOSIS

Question 10

The higher the density of a structure…

Answer 10

The ⬇️ the propagation speed
The ⬆️ the impedance

⬆️speed ⬆️stiff
⬇️speed ⬆️density

Question 11

A known BIOEFFECT of ULTRASOUND

Answer 11

Thermal Effect (heating of tissue)

Question 12

How is the severity of MITRAL REGURGITATION determined?

Answer 12

Length && Width of the COLOR FLOW DOPPLER SIGNAL

Question 13

Which of the following IS NOT a symptom of MITRAL STENOSIS?

Answer 13

Nausea

Question 14

How will a ⬇️ in LV fx effect the pressure gradient across a stenotic valve?

Answer 14

⬇️ pressure gradient

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct unit of measurement for “INCIDENT INTENSITY”?

Answer 15

W/cm^2

Question 16

With MITRAL STENOSIS the “A” kick is ALWAYS lost…

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

Which component of the transducer limits ringing of the crystal?

Answer 17

Damping Material

Question 18

Which of the following are common causes for MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE?

Answer 18

Marfans Syndrome
Mitral Vegetation
Flail Mitral Leaflet

Question 19

Left Atrial Enlargement is commonly seen in…

Answer 19

Moderate/Severe MITRAL REGURGITATION

Question 20

A common 2d finding in patients with CHRONIC SYSTEMIC HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE is

Answer 20

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 21

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

SV x HR

Answer 21

Cardiac Output

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a cause for PERICARDIAL EFFUSION?

Answer 22

Pericarditis
AIDS
PULMONARY HTN
Dresslers Syndrome

Question 23

A MITRAL STENOSIS is heard during what cardiac phase?

Answer 23

Early Diastole

Question 24

A cause for DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY is...

Answer 24

Alcohol

Question 25

The most common area for an ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT is:

Answer 25

Foramen Ovale/Septum Secundum area

Question 26

What equation is used to obtain an AORTIC VALVE AREA?

Answer 26

Continuity

Question 27

When transporting a patient on a stretcher you should:

Answer 27

Push patient feet first

Question 28

What type of abnormality is associated with an AUSTIN FLINT MURMUR?

Answer 28

Aortic Insufficiency

Question 29

The first heart sound correlates with...

Answer 29

Mitral && Tricuspid Valve Closure

Question 30

The effects of dobutamine include...

Answer 30

⬆️HR | ⬆️CONTRACTILITY

Question 31

``` Symptoms of: Fever Night sweats New onset mumur Had Recent Dental Work WHAT WOULD U LOOK FOR? ```

Answer 31

Vegetations on Valves

Question 32

The cursor for obtaining a M-Mode of LV is placed

Answer 32

At tip of PAP muscle

Question 33

Where is the transducer placed && indicator marker direction for a PLAX view?

Answer 33

4th intercostal space with indicator pointing to RIGHT shoulder

Question 34

What type of reflection is produced when ULTRASOUND waves strike a smooth surface that's larger than the sound wavelength?

Answer 34

SPECULAR

Question 35

What is the MUSCULAR BAND called that is seen in the apex of the RIGHT VENTRICLE on an APICAL 4 CHAMBER view?

Answer 35

Moderator Band

Question 36

The pressure gradient obtained from echo is a(n):

Answer 36

Instantaneous pressure gradient

Question 37

The component of the transducer that decreases the impedance between the crystal && air is the:

Answer 37

Matching Layer

Question 38

What is the most important factor in Doppler equation?

Answer 38

COSINE of the angle

Question 39

The DE excursion on the m-mode of the MITRAL VALVE correlates with:

Answer 39

Rapid filling of the ventricles

Question 40

Ways to improve AXIAL RESOLUTION include:

Answer 40

⬆️frequency

Question 41

The inner most lining of the

Answer 41

Endocardium

Question 42

A BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE should be diagnosed in the PSA-Ao Level during what part of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 42

Systole Because a RAPHE may mimic a 3rd cusp during closure

Question 43

A Type 3 DEBAKEY AORTIC DISSECTION affects the:

Answer 43

Descending Aorta ONLY

Question 44

A typical packet size for Doppler imaging is:

Answer 44

3-20 pulses

Question 45

If the frequency of the transducer ⬆️, the resolution:

Answer 45

⬆️

Question 46

The zone in a sound beam from the transducer (near zone) is called:

Answer 46

FRESNAL ZONE