What are the three states of matter?
- Solid
- Liquid
- Gas
Each state has distinct particle arrangements and properties.
Define density.
Mass per unit volume of a substance
Different materials have different densities.
Objects float or sink based on their relative densities. True or False?
TRUE
The density of an object compared to the fluid determines its buoyancy.
What happens to the particles arrangements when matter changes state?
They change
The arrangement and motion of particles differ in solids, liquids, and gases.
The temperature of a substance does not change when changing state. True or False?
TRUE
Temperature remains constant during phase transitions.
Define melting point.
The temperature at which a solid melts and turns to a liquid
The melting point of pure substances is fixed.
What is the difference between physical changes and chemical reactions?
Physical changes do not alter the substance’s chemical composition
Chemical reactions result in new substances being formed.
Heating a substance increases its internal energy. True or False?
TRUE
Increased internal energy can lead to changes in state.
Define latent heat.
Energy transferred to or from a substance when changing state
Includes specific latent heat of fusion and vaporisation.
How does gas pressure change with temperature?
Gas pressure increases when temperature increases
This is due to increased kinetic energy of gas particles.
What is the relationship between gas pressure and volume?
Pressure x volume = constant
This relationship is described by Boyle’s Law.
What is the boiling point?
The temperature at which a liquid boils and turns to gas
The boiling point of pure substances is fixed.
Define Brownian motion.
Random movement of particles in a fluid, caused by collisions
This phenomenon illustrates the kinetic theory of matter.
What is sublimation?
The process of a solid becoming a gas
An example is dry ice turning into carbon dioxide gas.
What is compression?
Decrease in volume of any object or substance resulting from applied force
This is commonly observed in gases.
What does evaporating refer to?
The process by which a liquid changes to a gas below its boiling point
This occurs at any temperature, not just at boiling.
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass / volume
This equation is fundamental in understanding material properties.
What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
Energy needed to melt 1 kg of a substance with no change in temperature
This is crucial for understanding phase changes.
What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation?
Energy needed to boil 1 kg of a substance with no change in temperature
This is important for processes involving boiling.
What is the relationship between temperature of a gas and its kinetic energy?
Temperature relates to the kinetic energy of gas particles
Higher temperatures correspond to higher kinetic energy.
