PAST

Question 1

Definition of avian influenza

Answer 1

• an infection of poultry or other captive birds caused by any influenza A virus
o of the subtypes H5 or H7 or
o with an intravenous pathogenicity index in six-week old chickens greater than 1.2
• can be highly pathogenic- or low pathogenic avian influenza

Question 2

Official measures in case of confirmation of African Swine Fever on holdings where the occurrence of disease has been linked to vectors

Answer 2

• restocking shall not take place for at least 6 years unless
o specific operations to eliminate the vector from the premises and
places where the pigs are kept or areas that pigs have access to
o it has been possible to show that the vectors no longer represent a
significant risk to transmit the disease

Question 3

Official measures in infected areas following the eradication of anthrax:

Answer 3

• pasture or other area where anthrax was confirmed or which was the origin of infection (e.g. water, feedstuff source)
• village, farm, holding where Anthrax was confirmed
• burying ground or pond
Measures:
• fence, no grazing, feedstuff production, only vaccinated animals
• Min 25 years!!

Question 4

Lifting restriction in case of Anthrax

Answer 4

• observation period: 20 days

* no surveillance in the village

Question 5

Public health measures in case of Anthrax *

Answer 5

• notifications of the state medical service
• informing the keeper, owner
• personal disinfection
• protective clothes, gloves and footwear
• keeping the floor wet, prevent dust formation

Question 6

Animals diseased with Brucellosis

Answer 6

• typical clinical signs + typical pathological lesions or bacteriology
• movement restrictions, castration or slaughter

Question 7

Public Health Measures in case of Bo. Brucellosis * (and Bo TB)

Answer 7

• informing the keeper, owner (especially if pregnant)
• personal disinfection
• protective clothing, gloves and footwear
• control of products

Question 8

Withdrawal of the free status in case of Bo. TB

Answer 8

• isolation of M. bovis

* or on the basis of epidemiological and/or pathological investigation

Question 9

Restoration of free status in case of Bo. TB

Answer 9

• cleaning, disinfection
• 2 tests
• 1 min. 60 days and the other 4-12 months after removal of the reactor

Question 10

BSE monitoring system (Which groups of animals shall be monitored) #

Answer 10

• all bovine animals over 24 months sent for emergency slaughter or with
observations at ante mortem inspection
• all bovine animals above 30 (48) months of age slaughtered normally of human consumption
• all bovine animals above 24 months of age which have died or been killed
on the farm, during transport or in a slaughter house (fallen stock)
• all ovine or caprine animals over 18 months of age or which have more than 2 permanent incisors erupted through the gum
• all ovine and caprine animals which are over 18 months of age or have more than 2 incisors erupted, which died or were killed not as past of an eradication campaign

Question 11

Measures in case of BSE suspected animals

Answer 11

• any animal suspected of being infected with a TSE is placed under official movement restriction until the results of clinical and epidemiological examinations are known or must be killed for lab exam
• if BSE suspected at a holding in a Member State, all other bovine animals are also put under movement restrictions until results of lab exams
• the same applies for ovine and caprine animals

Question 12

Measures in case of BSE infections

Answer 12

• inquiry to identify the possible origin of the disease and all animals and their products which may be contaminated
• in case of confirmed BSE: killing and complete destruction of bovine
animals identified by the inquiry
• in ovine and caprine: killing and complete destruction of all animals,
embryos and ova identified
• only certain ovine and caprine animals of a known genotype may be
introduced onto a holding where destruction has taken place because of a TSE outbreak
• pending results of the inquiry the infected holding is placed under official control and movement restricted

Question 13

Free status suspension in enzootic Bo. leucosis

Answer 13

• the conditions are no fulfilled
• results of lab tests
• on clinical grounds
• suspected animals are immediately slaughtered

Question 14

IBR Eradication methods #

Answer 14

• classical selection method
• selection with the use of marker vaccines
• generation shift
• herd change

Question 15

IBR Classical Selection Method

Answer 15

• seronegatives
  
  • blood test in every 3-6 weeks
  • min 2 negative test with an interval of 21 days for all animals
  • elimination of positive animals
• seropositives
  
  • vaccination with inactive vaccine 2X (3-5 week interval) and late in every half year

Question 16

Diseased animals in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

Answer 16

• typical clinical signs + histopathology or laboratory examination

Question 17

Suspected of being diseased in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

Answer 17

• non-typical clinical signs

Question 18

Suspected of being contaminated in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

Answer 18

• 40 days

Question 19

Teschovirus Encephalitis on a small holding #

Answer 19

• all diseased and suspected of being diseased pigs are killed on the spot
• suspected of being contaminated: separate slaughter, heat treatment

Question 20

Teschovirus Encephalitis on a large scale holding

Answer 20

• all diseased and suspected of being diseased pigs are killed on the spot
• suspected of being contaminated
• observation for 40 days
• if slaughtered, heat treatment

Question 21

Lifting restrictions in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

Answer 21

• strict disinfection (repeated 14 days)
• observation period: 40 days
• protection zone: 40 days

Question 22

Slaughtered technique in case of Teschovirus Encephalitis

Answer 22

• removal of the intestinal tract
• intact nervous system (special paravertebral cut of the carcass)
• heat treatment: 70 C for 20 min

Question 23

Confirmation of Swine Vesicular Disease * #

Answer 23

• virus isolation from the pigs or from the environment
• seropositive pigs + characteristic legions
• clinical signs + direct epidemiological connection with a confirmed outbreak

Question 24

Confirmation of Swine Vesicular Disease in a slaughterhouse

Answer 24

• all pigs in the slaughterhouse are slaughtered without delay
• the carcasses and offal of infected and contaminated pigs are destroyed
• cleaning and disinfection
• epidemiological inquiry
• no pigs are re-introduced for slaughter until at least 24 hours after completion of the cleaning and disinfection operations

Question 25

Restocking of Infected holding in case of Swine Vesicular Disease

Answer 25

``` • four weeks after completion of the first full disinfection of the premises • outdoor pig holdings • negative sentinel piglets: examined clinically and sampled for serological testing after 28 days • full restocking • other forms of rearing • within a period of 8 days • seronegative pigs • no pig may leave the holding for a period a 60 days after the arrival of the last pigs • clinical and serological examination: 28 days after the arrival of the last pigs ```

Question 26

Animal diseased (or suspected) with Scabies

Answer 26

* typical clinical signs | * non-typical clinical signs and laboratory confirmation

Question 27

Animal suspected of being contaminated with Scabies

Answer 27

• direct or indirect contact diseased or suspected of being diseased animals within 42 days • no yearly treatment carried out in sheep • sheep introduced into the herd without isolation

Question 28

Protection zone in case of African Horse Sickness

Answer 28

* minimum 12 months * a min. radius of 100 km * taking into account epidemiological, geographical, climate conditions * inform the public about the restrictions * disinsectisation * visit of all holding keeping equidae and take samples * movement of horses: only for emergency slaughter

Question 29

Surveillance zone in case of African Horse Sickness

Answer 29

* minimum 12 months * a min. radius of +50 km * taking into account epidemiological, geographical, climate conditions • inform the public about the restrictions * disinsectisation * visit holdings keeping equidae and take samples * movement of horses only for emergency slaughter * vaccination is prohibited

Question 30

Myxomatosis • Diseased animal * Suspected of being diseased * Suspected of being infected * Infected flocks

Answer 30

* Diseased animal - typical clinical signs * Suspected of being diseased - non-typical clinical signs * Suspected of being infected - possible contamination with infected or suspected of being infected animals within 30 days before confirmation * Infected flocks - diseased or suspected of being diseased animals

Question 31

Measures in case of Myxomatosis

Answer 31

* diseased and suspected of being diseased: killing, disposal of meat and skin * suspected of being diseased animals may be vaccinated * suspected of being infected: may be slaughtered

Question 32

Transport to a slaughterhouse in case of Myxomatosis

Answer 32

* from a holding which is not under restriction: vaccinated healthy rabbits 15 days after vaccination * holding which is under restriction: killing of diseased animals, vaccinated healthy rabbits 15 days after vaccination

Question 33

Lifting restrictions in case of Myxomatosis

Answer 33

killing, death, recovery of the last diseased rabbit: 30 days and strict disinfection

Question 34

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease

Answer 34

* diseased animal/flock - typical clinical signs/lesions and laboratory confirmation * suspected of being diseased - non-typical clinical signs/lesions * infected flock - infected rabbit or equipment/material within 60 days * suspected of being infected - possible contamination with infected flocks within 60 days * endangered flocks - flocks of neighbouring villages defined by the veterinary authority

Question 35

Protection zone

Answer 35

* a minimum radius of 3 km * stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry for at least 21 days * before lifting the measures: sampling of the poultry holdings

Question 36

Surveillance zone

Answer 36

* a minimum radius of 10 * stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry for at least 30 days * before lifting the measures: sampling of the poultry holdings

Question 37

Animals diseased with Glanders

Answer 37

* typical clinical signs * non-typical clinical signs but immunodiagnostic test + * no clinical signs but repeated immunodiagnostic test +

Question 38

Animals suspected of being diseased with Glanders

Answer 38

• non-typical clinical signs but immunodiagnostic test is inconclusive

Question 39

Animals suspected of being contaminated with Glanders

Answer 39

* direct of indirect contact within diseased or suspected of being diseased equidae within 180 days * no clinical signs but repeated immunodiagnostic test is inconclusive

Question 40

Official Measures in case of Glanders

Answer 40

* isolation, movement restrictions * official supervision * diagnostic tests: ophthalmic test or serology on diseased or suspected of being diseased * samples: respiratory tract + pharynx (or whole carcass) * diseased animals are killed, slaughter is prohibited * suspected of being diseased animals: slaughter is prohibited * suspected of being contaminated animals: may be slaughtered in the presence of official vet if the ophthalmic test is negative within 14 days * disposal of carcasses * strict disinfection

Question 41

Lifting restrictions in case of Glanders

Answer 41

* no equidae * strict disinfection * immunodiagnostic tests to exclude the infection

Question 42

Measures in case of suspicion of an outbreak of FMD

Answer 42

* official investigation: sampling and laboratory testing * official surveillance: census of all animals * isolation * all products of animal origin are recorded * epidemiological inquiry * movement of animals and products banned * movement restrictions of people * temporary control zone may be established for up to 72 hours * preventative eradication programs may be implemented, including slaughter of animals suspected of being infected

Question 43

Measures in case of confirmation of an outbreak of FMD

Answer 43

* all animals of susceptible species on the holding are killed on the spot * other animals present may be killed * samples and epidemiological inquiry * carcasses are processed without delay * all products of animal origin present on the holding since the presumed date of introduction of the disease are treated * building and vehicles used are cleaned and disinfected under official supervision * restocking of the holding may begin 21 days after cleaning at the earliest

Question 44

Exotic fish diseases

Answer 44

* epizootic hematopoietic necrosis | * epizootic ulcerative syndrome

Question 45

Non-exotic fish diseases

Answer 45

* viral hemorrhagic septicemia * infectious hematopoietic necrosis * Koi herpes virus disease * infectious salmon anemia

Question 46

Minimum control measures in exotic fish diseases

Answer 46

• the farming area is officially declared infected • total eradication, empty farms • a containment area is established, including a protection zone and a surveillance zone • no restocking takes place and movement restrictions in, out or within the containment zone without authorization • stamping out like procedures

Question 47

Minimum control measures in non-exotic fish diseases

Answer 47

* apply measures provided for the control of exotic diseases in order to regain free status * draw up an eradication plan

Question 48

Requirements for Disease free status is aquatic diseases

Answer 48

• on historical grounds - no occurrence of the disease for 10 years - basic biosecurity measures have been in place continuously for 10 years - infection is not known to occur in the wild population - trade and import conditions prevent introduction • based on targeted surveillance - disease have been detected in the last 10 years but the Member State meets basic control data and the disease has not been detected in the last 2 years with regular testing