Pasteurella

Question 1

What kind of pathogens are pasteurellaceacae?

Answer 1

• opportunistic pathogens
• contain many different organism
• normal inhabutants of the URT and GIT
• 31 genera in the family
• oxidase posituve
• faculative anaerobe
• cocci shaped
• no flagella

Question 2

How would you culture them?

Answer 2

• Blood agar
• cultured at 37 degrees
• anaerobically for 24-48 hours
• some can lyse red blood cells

Question 3

What are the main manifestations of disease?

Answer 3

• Respiratory tract (URT/ pneumonia)
• Septicaemia
• Trauma-associated conditions (mouth microorganisms are incoulated by bites, rough feed or via licking of surgical wounds)

Question 4

What toxins are produced by pasteurella?

Answer 4

• RTX toxins-group of virulence factors
• Urease
• Pmt P

Question 5

What is bovine respiratory disease also known as?

Answer 5

cattle pneumonia/ shipping fever

Question 6

What is the pathobiology of BRD?

Answer 6

pathogenesis involves stress factors, with or without viral infection- interacting to supress host defence mechanisms

Question 7

What is the challenge of detecting BRD?

Answer 7

• limited sensitivity and appearance

Question 8

Who does atrophic rhinitis mainly affect?

Answer 8

Mainly affects piglets at 3-8 weeks of age

Question 9

What are the two types of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 9

• Non-progressive atrophic rhinitis- caused by bordatella bronchioseptica
  (mild and transient with little effect on growth and performance)
• progressive atrophic rhinitis- caused by toxigenic pasteurella multocida

Question 10

What are the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis?

Answer 10

• Poor growth
• Sneezing, coughing inflammation of the lacrimal duct
• nasal haemorrhage
• lateral deviation or shortening of the upper jaw

Question 11

How does rabbit pasteurelliosis spread in companion animals

Answer 11

mating, fighting, stress in the animal (pregnancy, lactation, poor husbandry)

Question 12

Where does pasteurelliosis live in comopanion animals?

Answer 12

• lives asymptomatically in the mouth
• may cause an often fatal pneumonia

Question 13

What are the symptoms of pasteurelliosis in guinea-pigs?

Answer 13

• Direct contact, grooming, aerosol, possible insect bites
• many are asymptomatic carriers
• can present with fever, weight loss, conjunctivitis and pneumonia

Question 14

What is the function of adhesins on pasteurella?

Answer 14

• colonise the host
• are then turned off when they are inside the host

Question 15

What is the function of RTX toxins?

Answer 15

• lyse bovine erythrocytes
• activate leukocytes

Question 16

What is the function of PMT

Answer 16

mainly damage in rhinitis

Question 17

Why may BRD not be detected in cattle?

Answer 17

The observed clinical signs are not specific for BRD

Question 18

What causes wry neck in rabbits?

Answer 18

Middle or inner ear infection

Question 19

Where does pasteurelliosis live in dogs/ cats?

Answer 19

Lives asymptomatically in the mouth

Question 20

What does pasteutelliosis cause in dogs/ cats?

Answer 20

May cause a pneumonia that is often fatal
- can be spread via bite wounds or aerosols

Question 21

How can guinea-pigs get pasteurelliosis?

Answer 21

Direct contact, Grooming, aersols or insect bites

Question 22

What may a guinea pig with pasteurelliosis present with?

Answer 22

• Fever, weight loss, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, pyometra

Question 23

What gives immunity against septicaemia and fowl cholera?

Answer 23

Circulating antibodies

Question 24

What is the best way to control pasteurella

Answer 24

• Regular testing
• Good environmental conditions

Question 25

What is the best supportive treatment for pasteurelliosis?

Answer 25

The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 26

What does PMT stand for?

Answer 26

P.Multocida Toxin | causes a lot of the damage in atrophic rhinitis

Question 27

What is the function of urease?

Answer 27

Converts urea into ammonia * attracts phagocytes and then inhibits them

Question 28

What stressors may cause transmission of P.multocida?

Answer 28

* Overcrowding * Temperature * Poor Nutrition

Question 29

Name 4 ways of treating patseurella | Not NSAIDS

Answer 29

* Separate infected animals * Treat concurrent infection * Improve environmental conditions * Antibiotics

Question 30

What causes avian cholera?

Answer 30

P.multocida

Question 31

What clinical signs would you see with Infectious Coryza Avibacterium paragallinarum?

Answer 31

* Decreased activity * Nasal discharge * Sneezing * Facial Swelling

Question 32

How would you diagnose pasteurella in guinea-pigs?

Answer 32

Culture or PCR

Question 33

What are some ways of diagnosing pasteurella?

Answer 33

* PCR * LAMP assay * Serology * Culture * Biochemical testing