Block 12 > path: immunopathology > Flashcards

path: immunopathology Flashcards

(54 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is

A

immediate hypersensitivity

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2
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction is

A

Antibody-mediated

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3
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction is

A

Immune-complex-mediated

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4
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction is

A

Cell-mediated

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5
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mechanism

A

IgE mediated and release of vasoactive amines

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6
Q

Pathologic lesions associated with Type 1 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Vascular dilation, Edema, Smooth muscle contraction

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7
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction mechanism

A

Production of IgG, IgM -> binds to antigen on target cell or tissue causing phagocytosis or lysis of target cell

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8
Q

Pathologic lesions associated with Type 2 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Phagocytosis and lysis of cells

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9
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction mechanism

A

Deposition of Ag-Ab complexes -> complement activation -> leukocyte recruitment and release of enzymes

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10
Q

Pathologic lesions associated with Type 3 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Inflammation, necrotizing vasculitis (fibrinoid necrosis), Kidney, liver, joints impacted

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11
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction mechanism

A

Activated T lymphocytes cause release of cytokines, inflammation and macrophage activation, T-cell mediated cytotoxicity

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12
Q

Pathologic lesions associated with Type 4 Hypersensitivity reaction

A

Granuloma formation

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13
Q

Prototypical disorders with Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylaxis, allergies, asthma

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14
Q

Prototypical disorders with Type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Erythroblastosis Fetalis, Transfusion reactions

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15
Q

Prototypical disorders with Type 3 hypersensitivity

A

SLE, Sjogren’s Disease, Scleroderma

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16
Q

Prototypical disorders with Type 4 hypersensitivity

A

Diabetes, Contact dermatitis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Phenylctenulosis, TB skin test

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17
Q

In type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, binding of antigen to ________ receptors causes the cell to degranulate and subsequent release of ____________

A

IgE, Histamine

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18
Q

In Type I HS, TH2 cells stimulate _______ production and promote inflammation

A

IgE

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19
Q

Allergies are an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Type 1

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20
Q

What causes erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Rh incompatibility between a Rh-negative mother and her Rh-positive baby.

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21
Q

How is the first pregnancy with Rh incompatibility?

A

Generally unaffected

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22
Q

What is the mechanism behind Rh incompatibility?

Study These Flashcards
A

A cross over of blood during delivery builds sensitivity. Anti-Rh antibodies remain in the mother and residual antibodies attack Rh factors in the blood of the second Rh+ fetus.

23
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

24
Q

Myasthenia gravis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Study These Flashcards
A

Type II hypersensitivity

25
Mechanism of Myasthenia Gravis disease
Autoantibodies block ACh binding
26
How does myasthenia gravis present?
Muscle weakness that worsens with activity
27
Common ocular signs caused by myasthenia gravis
Ptosis and diplopia
28
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 3
29
SLE is characterized by a vast array of autoantibodies, particularly ____________ antibodies
Antinuclear
30
SLE injury is caused by Deposition of immune complexes in the skin - ________________
Butterfly/malar rash
31
SLE injury is caused by Deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys - _____________
Glomerulonephritis
32
SLE injury is caused by Deposition of immune complexes in the joints - ________________
Synovitis
33
SLE injury is caused by Deposition of immune complexes in the heart - _____________
Myocarditis
34
What is the fundamental defect in SLE?
A failure of the mechanism that maintain self-tolerance
35
SLE usually affects who?
Females in teens and 20s
36
Eye involvement with SLE
Dry Eye, Recurrent Episcleritis, Peripheral keratitis, Photophobia, Neuro-ophthalmic complications
37
Sjögren's syndrome characteristic autoantibodies
anti-ribonucleoprotein antibodies SS-A (Ro) and SS-B (La)
38
What glands are destroyed in Sjögren's syndrome?
Lacrimal and salivary glands
39
Are males or females more impacted by Sjögren's syndrome?
Females
40
Clinical manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome
Dry eyes, Dry mouth, Mikulicz syndrome - enlarged salivary and lacrimal glands
41
Sjögren's syndrome is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 3
42
Phylctenulosis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 4
43
Phylctenulosis commonly results from what type of infection?
Staph aureus secondary to blepharitis
44
What are phylctenules? What are they composed of?
Small, gray, or yellow nodules, Composed of chronic inflammatory cells
45
3 sites of involvement with Phylctenulosis
Conjunctiva, Limbus, Cornea
46
Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder characterized by what?
Deposition of collagen in skin and visceral organs of middle-aged females
47
Scleroderma is due to the activation of __________
Fibroblasts
48
Limited type of scleroderma involves what?
Skin involvement in hands and face and late involvement in visceral organs
49
Limited-type scleroderma antibody
Anticentromere
50
Diffuse type of scleroderma shows what involvement?
Widespread skin involvement and early involvement of the visceral organs
51
Diffuse type of scleroderma impacts what organs?
Esophagus, GI Tract, Lungs, Kidneys
52
Diffuse type of scleroderma antibody
Anti DNA-Topoisomerase
53
A 12-year-old boy presents during spring with complaints of severe itching, redness, and watery discharge in both eyes. Which of the following best explains the underlying immunologic mechanism?
B. IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and histamine release
54
A 25-year-old woman presents with malar rash, peripheral keratitis, and dry eyes. Laboratory testing reveals ANA positivity. Which of the following best explains the underlying pathologic mechanism?
B. Immune complex deposition leading to complement activation and inflammation
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