Influence of muscle weakness in Hip extensors for phases
Terminal swing
Loading response
Midstance
Influence of muscle weakness in hip flexors in phases
Pre-swing
Initial Swing
Influence of muscle weakness in hip abductors in phases
loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance
Inadequate flexion
Excessive flexion
inadequate extension
Failure to achieve normal amount of flexion
More than normal range
Persistent hip flexion when the hip should be extending
Inadequate hip flexion in loading response causes and penalty
Quadriceps weakness
Decreased shock absorption at the knee (increased bone and cartilage loading)
Inadequate hip flexion in pre-swing through mid-swing causes and penalties
Hip flexor weakness
Decreased limb advancement
Excessive knee flexion will cause the femur
To come forward
What is the compensatory strategy for inadequate hip flexion
Circumduction
The limb is advanced in circumduction by
The pelvis and elevated and hiked with hip abduction/rotation
Excessive hip flexion from pre-swing through mid-swing causes and penalty
Excessive PF
Increased energy expenditure related to muscle overuse (hip flexors)