A mech. of pulmonary edema, characteristic of congestive heart failure is ______?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Which of these is a large cell that is present in an area of chronic granulomatous inflammation and has many nuclei scattered in it’s cytoplasm?
Macrophage
Spontaneous V. compression fract. & predisposition to hip/wrist fractures are likely to result from?
Osteoporosis
35 year old white male presents with progressive dementia & signs/symptoms indicative of an extrapyramidal lesion - the most likely diagnosis is ______?
Huntington disease
Fatty liver, edema & atrophy of will. of small bowel are characteristic of which disorder?
Kwashiorkor
Which disease affects small/med. sized arteries, particularly renal and visceral. but spares pulmonary system?
Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)
If kidneys & pulmonary = goodpastures
What does Myastemia Gravis affect first?
Eyes
Enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, destruction of alveolar walls and minimal fibrosis describes?
Emphysema (lack of A-1 antitrypsin)
Paralysis agitans (Parkinson’s disease) is caused by degenerative lesions of the ____?
Basal Ganglia ( dopamine/substantia nigra)
Serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels are characteristically within normal limits in which of these disorders?
Osteoperosis (all blood levels are normal)
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica - Brown’s tumor - PTH; elevates Ca
- Osteitis deformans - AKA Paget’s disease - Lacuna of Howship problem; 1st symptom head gets bigger.
What causes subchondral sclerosis that accompanies osteoarthritis?
Loss of articular cartilage
Perikaryon of a neuron whose axon has been severed undergoes _____?
Central chromatolysis
- axon gets cut = wullarcu degeneration AKA Central chromatolysis
- whole CNS = liquifactive
Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli is known as _____?
Pulmonary edema
What initiates Kinin cascade that eventually produces bradykinin?
Histamine
Which of these is a highly malignant humor, occuring primarily in cerebellum of children?
Medulloblastoma
- Astrocytoma = best prognosis
- Glioblastoma = worst prognosis
When the male urethra opens on dorsum it’s called _____?
Epispadias
Phenochromocytoma is a tumor of the ______?
Adrenal medulla (unilateral)
The inflamatory neuropathy that characterizes _____ is likely to resolve over time
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
- Schwann cells myelinate PNS; it will grow back if demyelinated = Guillain-Barre
- If you demyelnate a CNS it doesn’t grow back = MS
MC location of Meckel’s diverticulum is the ______?
Ileum (cull-d-sac’s in small intestine)
What’s the MC location of pathology in patients with non-iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome?
Pituitary gland (makes ACTH)
Which of these lesions is most often predispose to aortic dissection?
Medial degeneration (AKA familial thoracic dissection)
- Marfans = Aortic dissection
- Granulamatous arteritis = takyasu’s arteritis (“pulseless disease”)
Which of these pathological findings results from excessive alcohol consumption & is usually fully reversible when abstention of alcohol is practiced?
Fatty Liver
Which condition results from a congenital defect in collagen synthesis?
Ehlers - Danlos Syndrome
Vasomotor instability, trophic skin changes, and demineralization of bone characterize _______.
RSD (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
*Marfan’s Syndrome = _____ leis
*Scleroderma - tight skin disease; can get reabsorption of distal phalynx
↪ “Crest syndrome”
C= Calcinosis; R= Renaud’s disease; E= Esophageal Variscocetes; S= Scleroderma; T= Telangitasia (spider angioma) MUST HAVE all 5 to have CREST!!
