Pathoma - GI

Question 1

Oral cavity issues

Answer 1

Cleft lip and palate
Aphthous ulcer
Behcet syndrome
Oral herpes
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous dysplasia

Question 2

Cleft lip and palate

Answer 2

• failure of fusion of facial prominences

- usually occur together

Question 3

Aphthous ulcer

Answer 3

• painful, superficial ulceration of oral mucosa
• stress; spont resolution
• gray base surrounded by red

Question 4

Behcet syndrome

Answer 4

• recurring aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis (visual disturbance)
• immune complex vasculitis of small vessels
• after viral infection; unknown etiology

Question 5

Oral herpes

Answer 5

• HSV-1 (usually)
• vesicles involving oral mucosa
• rupture -> shallow, painful, red ulcer
• primary infection in childhood
• virus dormant in trigeminal nerve ganglia

Question 6

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 6

• neoplasm of squamous cells of oral mucosa
• risk: tobacco/alc
• floor of mouth most common location

Question 7

Squamous dysplasia

Answer 7

• precursor lesions to squam cell carc: leukoplakia, erythroplakia
• leukoplakia: may indicate squam cell dysplasia; differentiate from oral cadidiasis and hairy leukoplakia (lateral tongue; due to EBV in immunocompromised state -> hyperplasia; no dysplasia)
• erythroplakia: vascularized leukoplakia -> more suggestive of squamous dysplasia

Question 8

Salivary gland overview

Answer 8

• exocrine glands that secrete saliva

- major: parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 9

Mumps virus

Answer 9

• bilateral inflamed parotid glands
• orchitis (testicle inflammation) -> sterility (teenagers)
• pancreatitis -> increased serum amylase (also from parotid gland)
• aseptic meningitis

Question 10

Sialadenitis

Answer 10

• inflamed salivary gland
• commonly due to obstructing stone (sialolithiasis) -> S. aureus infection
• usually unilateral

Question 11

Pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 11

• benign tumor of stromal (e.g. cartilage) and epithelial tissue (e.g. gland) -> biphasic tumor
• most common tumor of salivary gland
• usually in parotid
• classic pres: mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at angle of jaw
• high rate of recurrence (irregular margins)
• rarely transform to carcinoma -> palsy from facial nerve damage

Question 12

Warthin tumor

Answer 12

• benign cystic tumor with many lymphocytes and germinal centers
• second most common tumor of salivary gland
• almost always in parotid (late embryologic separation -> often includes lymph nodes)

Question 13

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Answer 13

• malignant tumor of mucinous and squamous cells

- usually in parotid; commonly with facial nerve

Question 14

Salivary gland issues

Answer 14

Mumps virus
Sialadenitis
Pleomorphic adenoma
Warthin tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 15

Esophagus issues

Answer 15

TE fistula

Question 16

Tracheo-esophageal fistula

Answer 16

• congenital defect; several variants

- Esoph atresia (one common variant) presents with: vomiting, polyhydramnios, aspiration, abdominal distention

Question 17

Esophageal Web

Answer 17

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