What is the definition of LOAC?
International law is the body of law, which governs relations between sovereign states.
It sets out rules of behaviour in an armed conflict and is the minimum standards applicable to the conduct of hostilities:
- Limit unnecessary suffering
- Ensure respect for human dignity
- Protect the victim
What is the aim of LOAC?
- Ensure CAF members understand the basic principles of LOAC
- Apply the CF Code of Conduct in operational situations properly
What is the purpose of LOAC?
- Regulate the conduct of hostilities
- Protect the victims of armed conflict
What is the definition of the Code of Conduct?
A simple and understandable conduct, which governs how we decide the right choice of conduct when faced
What is the purpose for the code of Conduct?
To have a soldier make the correct choice of action, from the 11 rules, during difficult or unusual situations
What are the principles of LOAC?
Military Necessity
Humanity
Chivalry
What are the fundamental Principles?
Humanitarian Principle
Principle of the Law of Geneva
Principle of the Law of The Hague
What are the Operational Principles?
Distinction
Reciprocity
Proportionality
Non-Discrimination
What are the 2 reasons why the CAF complies with the LOAC?
- It’s Canadian Law, Canada signed all major treaties and conventions
- Provides an Operational advantage. “Selection and maintenance of the aim” and “Economy of effort” present a favourable impression to the local population
What are the 11 rules of the CAF Code of Conduct?
- Engage only opposing forces and military objectives
- In accomplishing your mission, use only the necessary force that causes the least amount of collateral civilian damage
- Do not alter your weapons or ammunition to increase suffering or use unauthorized weapons or ammunition
- Treat all civilians humanely and respect civilian property
- Do not attack those who surrender, disarm and detain them
- Treat all detained persons humanely in accordance with the standard set by the third geneva convention. Any form of abuse is prohibited
- Collect all the wounded and sick and provide them with the treatment required by their condition, whether friend or foe
- Looting is prohibited
- Respect all cultural objects and places of worship
- Respect all persons and objects bearing the red cross, red crescent and red crystal emblems, and all other recognized symbols of humanitarian agencies
- Report and take appropriate steps to stop breaches of the LOAC and these rules. Disobedience of the LOAC is a crime
What are 3 unlawful combatants under the LOAC?
- Spies
- Mercenaries
- Civilians Engaged in Hostilities
Why is identifying as a combantant important?
Combatants:
- Are entitled to take a direct part in armed conflict and engage in hostilities
- Are legitimate military targets
- Captured by the enemy are POWs (prisoners of war)
- POWs, unlike other detained persons, must be released and repatriated without delay at the end of hostilities
Who are considered non-combatants?
- Chaplains of the CAF
- Medical pers permanently assigned to medical activities
- Pers of the CAF temporarily assigned to medical duties
- Civilians
- Journalists
- People who accompany the CAF
- Crews of Merchant Marine and Civil Aircraft
- Remember: Distinctive Emblem and Identity Cards
Are medical and religious personnel in the CAF considered combatants?
No, they are considered non-combatants
What are the 2 levels of force used by the CAF?
Non-deadly Force
Deadly Force
What is minimum force?
- Related to both non-deadly and deadly force
- The minimum degree of authorized force that is necessary and reasonable in the circumstances. Situationally, minimum force may include deadly force
What are the principles governing the use of force that relate to armed conflict?
- Distinction
- Doubt Rule
- Proportionality
- Means and methods of warfare
- Standard of care
What are the procedures when confronted with a use of force situation?
- Warn the aggressor(s) to stop (effort made in a language understood by the aggressor)
- Repeat verbal and/or visual warnings or challenges until it is clear they were seen or heard
- Use minimum non-deadly force to the aggressor(s) to comply with instructions, if above warnings are ignored
- Charge weapons, if applicable and if not already authorized to do so; fire warning shot(s), if authorized
- Use deadly force
What are the types of vehicle checkpoints?
Deliberate
Hasty
Snap
What are the 2 types of checkpoints used?
Personnel
Vehicle
What are the 2 categories for self-defence?
- National self-defence
- Personal, unit or force self-defence
What are the 4 factors influencing ROE?
- Legal Prescriptions
- Political and Policy Considerations
- Diplomatic Considerations
- Operational Requirements
What tasks would a unit sup comd have to consider supporting and enabling in a VPS?
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- Provide inner and outer security patrols
- Conduct counter recce
- Establish LP/OP
- Establish checkpoints and roadblocks
- Conduct crowd confrontation ops
- Conduct coordination with local authorities and other security forces
- Supervise specific functions associated with the op of a facility
When CAF is called to suppress a riot, how may officers and NCM’s be employed?
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Any manner necessary for suppressing or preventing any:
- Riot or disturbance of the peace
- Riot or disturbance of the peace likely to occur
