Pcra

Question 1

Untouchability

Answer 1

Doesnt explicity define. But section 2(a)-Untouchability’ means the practice as it has been abolished by Article 17 of the Constitution

Connotes the act of treating any individual as impure based on the custom of caste based hierarchy

Question 2

Punishment / offences

Answer 2

1. Sec 3 - places of public worship
2. Sec 4- shops, public resautrant, hotels
3. Sec 5 - Refusal to admit- hospitals, dispensary, edn institutions, hostels
4. Sec 6- refuses to sell goods or render services on the basis of untouchability
5. Sec 7 - prevented from rights under art 17 , harms or boycotts for the exercise of these rights, incites public to practice untouchability
6. Sec 7A- unlawful compulsory labor

All offences under Sections 3–7A are cognizable (police can arrest without warrant)

Section 14 punishes comapnies doing any of the above act

Victim’s caste status not always essential; the focus is on the act of discrimination based on untouchability

Penalty: Imprisonment up to 1 month to 6 months, and/or fine between ₹100 to ₹500

Question 3

Collective fine section

Answer 3

Sec 10 A

Question 4

Sec 10 A

Answer 4

1. State givt can imoose collective fine on inhabitants
2. Means of living
   3 drums
   4 file a petition
   5 exempt
3. Can be collected according to the provision of crpc

Question 5

Changes brought in protection of civil rights act

Answer 5

L ellayaperumal commitee

1. Defn of civil rights under 2(a)
2. Compundable to uncoumpoundable
3. Sec 12 - presumption
4. Probation of offenders act not permissible if offender > 14 years
5. Sec 11- enhanced punishment for repeat offenders