pediatric

Question 1

Classification of brain tumor

Answer 1

1. Choroid plexus tumor
2. Supporting cell: a) astrocytic tumor other astrocytic tumor
3. Ependymal tumor Other gliomas
4. Neuronal tumors
5. tumor of pineal region
6. Embryonal tumor of cranial and peripheral nerves

Question 2

Child cns characteristics

Answer 2

GBM- low rate of occurrenceInfratentorial moreLow grade astrocytoma 1/3rd of all tumors

Question 3

Classification of astrocytic tumors

Answer 3

1. Pilocytic astrocytoma gr I2. Diffuse astrocytoma gr 2 - Fibrillary - Gemistocytic - protoplasmic3. Anaplastic astrocytoma gr 3- giant cell- gliosarcoma4. Gliomatosis cerebri

Question 4

Most common pediatric cns tumor

Answer 4

Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 5

Common adult cns tumor

Answer 5

meningioma ( benign)| Glioma malignant

Question 6

Grading of tumor depends on

Answer 6

AMENAtypiaMitosisEndothelial proliferationNecrosis

Question 7

Long term effect of RT in children

Answer 7

Brain parenchyma: Cortical atrophy, disrupted neurogenesisNeurological deficit: Fail to develop new knowledge and skillsshow progressive decrease iqNeurocognitive behavioral effects: Endocrine effects: GH deficiencyprimary hypothyroidism,  osteopeniacerebrovascular diseasecoronary heart diseasevasculopathyDevelopment 2nd tumor

Question 8

How to reduce effect of RT

Answer 8

Avoid RTDelay RT upto 3yrDaily Immobilization, imagesDose reductiin ( 36 gy to 23.4gy)Decrease fraction 1.5 gy to germinomaNew modality protonImage guuded RT