Basic considerations
2 answers
- young pts have organ immaturity= increaed risk for drug reactions
- 6 groups of pediatric populations
6 pediatric groups
- premature infants: <36wks
- full term infants: 38-40eks
- neonates: first 4 weeks
- infants: 5-52wkks
- children: 1-12yrs
- adolscents: 12-16yrs
pediatric patients are at risk for drug effects that are ____ and _____
- prolonged; intense
IV drugs stay in the system ____ (remains above the __________)
- longer; minimum effectiv econcentration (MEC)
SubCut drugs remain above the ____, level rise and become _______
- MEC; prolonged
oral drugs: ____ ____ is prolonged and irregular
- gatric emptying
Low gastric acidity ____hrs after birth until ____yrs which increase _____ _____ for acid labile drugs
- 24hrs; 2yrs
- drug absorption
IM drugs are ____ and ____ for neonate d/t low ____ ____ in the first few days of life
- slow and erratic
- muscle BF
transdermal absorption is ____ d/t stratum corneum being ____ and bf is ____
- rapid; thin; greater
distribution
protein binding is ____ d/t low serum ____ levels and competition of ____ compunds
- limited; albumin; endogenous (fatty acids/ bilirubin)
limited protein binding leads to increased ____ ____ ____
- free drug levels (reaches adult values at 10-12months)
distribution
BBB is not fully developed at birth so doses should be _____
- decreased
distribution
Low drug metabolism until the ____ or ____ system fully develop at ____ months. Doses should be ______
- renal; hepatic
- 12 months
- decreased
children 1yr and older metabolize ____ than adults. drug dosing ____ or a reduction in drug _____
- faster
- increase; intervals
ADR of glucocorticoids
growth supression
ADR of tetracyclines
- discoloration of developing teeth
ADR of sulfonamides
- kernicterus (brian damage from high bili; cerebral palsy/ hearing loss)
general ADR
3 answers
- severe intoxication
- hyperthermia
- RDS
ADR of aspirin
- reye syndrome (inflammation of brian and liver) in children with chickenpox or flu
dosage calculation peds formula
childs BSA * adult dose/ 1.73m2
* approximation; dose may need to be adjusted
* mg/kg/day most commonly used
mediaction administration
5 answers
- cold treats like ice cream to numb taste buds
- mix with fatty foods (peanut butter/ chocolate) to coat tastebuds
- have favorite drink for after
- tabs/caps: if crushable mix with yogurt or juice
- syringe: aim towards back of mouth against inner cheek
