Pediatric Population
- Birth-20yrs
- Roughly 1/4 of pop
- Kids = Adults
> habits/chronic health conditions
> adverse childhood experiences (ACEs); experience depression 1st from post-partum mom - Major goal of peds nursing is to improve quality of hlth care for children & their fams
Health Concerns
- Obesity
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Childhood injuries
> accidents - Violence
- Bullying
- Mental hlth probs
> stress
> social media
Childhood Mortality
- Infant Mortality
> US lags behind other nations - Birth Weight
> major determinant of neonatal death
> low birth weight & premature birth are biggest death rate - Ages 5-14 have lowest death rate
- 15-19 yrs
> sharp incr occurs in adolescence
Childhood Morbidity
- Specific groups of children have incrd morbidity (illness)
> homeless
> living in poverty
> low birth weight
> chronic illness
> foreign born adopted children
> children in day care centers
Role of Pediatric Nurse
- Therapeutic relationship
- Fam advocacy & caring
- Disease prevention & hlth promo
- Hlth teaching
- Injury prevention
- Support & counseling
- Coordination & collaboration
- Ethical decision making
- Research
- Evidence-based practice
Growth
An incr in # & size of cells as they divide and synthesize new proteins; results in incrd size & weight of whole or any of its parts
Development
A gradual change and expansion; advancement from lower to more advanced stage of complexity; incrd capacity through growth, maturation, and learning
Maturation
An incr in competence and adaptability, usually described as a qualitative change to function at higher level
Differentiation
The processes by which early cells and structures are systematically modified and altered
Infant Stage
Birth-1 year
Toddler Stage
1-3 years
Preschool Stage
3-6 years
School Age
6-12 years
Adolescence
12-20 years
Cephalocaudal
Develop (control) from head to toe
Proximodistal
Center to extremities
General to Specific
Big movements to more specific; moving legs to wiggling toes
Growth Chart
2 charts
wht to worry abt
- Sets the standard by which all children are measured; ranges in percentiles
- WHO: used for first 2 yrs
- CDC: after 2yrs old
- Percentiles to worry about: upper 95th, lower 5th, & falling off of own curve
What is FTT
- When an infant/child is not gaining an appropriate amnt of weight
- Not getting enough calories
> typically breast fed babies
> not absorbing nutrition correctly
> requires more cals for fast metabolism; heart defects!
Nutrition
- Single most important influence on growth
- Appetites fluctuate r/t growth periods
> toddlers (2&3yrs) most picky
> babies & adolescents have highest nutritional requirements
Solitary Play
- Children playing alone with different toys than other children in the same area
- Enjoy the presence of other children but do not make an effort to get close to or speak to them
Onlooker Play
- Watching other children, but making no effort to enter play activity
- An interest in observing, no movement towards participating
- EX: watching an older sibling bounce a ball
Parallel Play
- Children playing independently among other children, with similar toys
- Playing beside, but not with other children; no influence
- Toddlers mostly but any age group
- EX: creative craft w/ each person working on individual project
Associative Play
- Children playing together and engaged in a similar activity, but with no organization, division of labor, leadership, or mutual goal
- EX: playing dress up with dolls, sharing clothes, but no rules to follow
