Pediatrics

Question 1

APGAR

Answer 1

appearance

pulse

grimace

activity

respiration

Question 2

when does anterior fontanelle close

Answer 2

6-18 mos

Question 3

when does posterior fontanelle close

Answer 3

2 months

Question 4

unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 4

heme that is released from hemoglobin during RBC breakdown
transported to liver

Question 5

conjugated bilirubin

Answer 5

converted in the liver and excreted in the stool

Question 6

physiological jaundice: when does it occur

Answer 6

2-3 days
normal

Question 7

pathologic jaundice

Answer 7

occurs within first 24 hours of life
indicates issue

Question 8

what is kernicterus

Answer 8

type of brain damage due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Question 9

what is the foramen ovale

Answer 9

opening b/w atria in utero

Question 10

atresia

Answer 10

does not develop

Question 11

what side of the heart has higher pressure

Answer 11

left usually

Question 12

right to left shunt: cyanotic or acynaotic

Answer 12

cyanotic
deoxygenated blood getting out to the body

Question 13

what does left to right shunt cause

Answer 13

increased pulmonary blood flow
no cyanosis

Question 14

tx for PDA

Answer 14

indomethacin
ibuporfen
surgery

Question 15

what would you provide if you wanted to keep PDA open

Answer 15

alprostadil

Question 16

what kind of shunting are VSD and ASD

Answer 16

left to right
acyanotic

Question 17

what kind of defect is tetralogy of fallot

Answer 17

cyanotic
R to left shunting

Question 18

what are the four defects in TOF

Answer 18

VSD
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta

Question 19

tet spell interventions

Answer 19

comfort and calm

knee to chest

o2

morphine

Question 20

what is transposition of the great arteries

Answer 20

aorta and pulmonary valve are switched

Question 21

signs of tranposition of great arteries

Answer 21

cyanosis within 1 hour

Question 22

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Answer 22

left sided structures didn’t develop normal - small, hypoplastic or atresia

Question 23

what keeps the ductus arteriosus open

Answer 23

prostaglandins

Question 24

surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Answer 24

norwood at birth
glenn at 2 months
fontan at 2 years

Question 25

coarctatoin of the aorta

Answer 25

narrowing of the aorta impedes blood flow to lower half of body

Question 26

4 ds of epiglottitis

Answer 26

dysphonia dysphagia drooling distress

Question 27

what vaccine has been shown to decrease epiglottitis

Answer 27

hib

Question 28

should you assess throat for patient with epiglottitis

Answer 28

no

Question 29

what would present with a bark like, seal like, cough and stridor

Answer 29

croup

Question 30

is croup viral or bacterial

Answer 30

viral

Question 31

how can you treat inflammation in airway

Answer 31

corticosteroids epi via nebulizer "racemic"

Question 32

one of the first signs of CF?

Answer 32

meconium ileus

Question 33

diet for CF

Answer 33

high calorie and high protein

Question 34

when do you give enzymes to CF paitnets

Answer 34

within 30 minutes of every meal or snack

Question 35

what is meningocele

Answer 35

closed spina bifida protrusion of spinal fluid filled meninges through a vertebral defect

Question 36

what is a myelomeningocele

Answer 36

opoen spina bifida protrustion of a spinal fluid filled meninges and spinal cord through a vertebral defect

Question 37

can babies with spina bifida sleep on their back

Answer 37

no need to be prone

Question 38

what do you cover the opening with for spina bifida patients

Answer 38

moist, warm, sterile dressing

Question 40

Causes of microcephaly

Answer 40

CMV Rubella Varicella Zika

Question 41

How do you postiion clef palate patients

Answer 41

Prone to help drain secretions

Question 42

How do you position cleft lip patients

Answer 42

Not prone - might disturb suture line

Question 43

Esophageal atresia: assessment findings

Answer 43

Chocking Coughing Cyanosis

Question 44

What are the assessment findings in pyloric stenosis

Answer 44

Projectile vomiting right after feeding, nonbilious Dehydration Malnutrition Palpable olive shaped mass

Question 45

What is an omphalocele?

Answer 45

Congenital abnormality where abdominal contents protrude through umbilicus while remaining in the peritoneal sac

Question 46

When is omphalocele diagnosed

Answer 46

Prenatal By ultrasound

Question 47

What is pre op mgmt for an omphalocele

Answer 47

Keep the exposed intestines moist Cover with sterile gauze soaked in saline Fluids, antibiotics Thermoregulation1

Question 48

intussuception

Answer 48

one part of intestine slips into another

Question 49

signs of intussception

Answer 49

red currant jelly stools sausage shaped mass in abdomen n/v green, bilious emesis

Question 50

hirschspurngs

Answer 50

congenital aganglionic megacolon no peristalsis w/o neurons no stool causes megacolon

Question 51

what type of genetic disorder is sickle cell

Answer 51

AR

Question 52

tx for SCD

Answer 52

iv fluids blood transfusion oxygen medications for pain

Question 53

what is kawasaki disease

Answer 53

acute systemic vasculitis

Question 54

strawberry tongue is a finding of what

Answer 54

kawasaki disease

Question 55

treatment for kawasaki disease

Answer 55

aspirin IVIG

Question 56

what triggers reye syndrome

Answer 56

viral illness leadiing to acute encelphalopahty and aspirin use during illness

Question 57

how do you diagnose reye syndrome

Answer 57

liver biopsy due to fatty changes in liver

Question 58

what do you need to do before PKU screenings

Answer 58

make sure they have eaten

Question 59

3 fractures more common in kids

Answer 59

bowing torus/buckle greenstick

Question 60

rickets: which vitamin is deficient

Answer 60

D

Question 61

what assessment finding is associated with rickets

Answer 61

bow legs pain in legs, pelvis, spine

Question 62

tests for developmental dysplasia of the hip

Answer 62

barlow ortolani (helps confirm barlow, abduction)

Question 63

treatments for DDH

Answer 63

pavlik harness spica body cast surgery

Question 64

osteomalacia imperfecta

Answer 64

brIttle bone disease defect in gene making collage

Question 65

IMPETIGO assessment

Answer 65

weeping lesion with a honey colored crust bacterial

Question 66

what chart is used for burns in kids

Answer 66

lund and browder chart

Question 67

over what % TBSA are pediatrics needing emergency fluid replacement

Answer 67

10%

Question 68

parkland burn formula for pediatrics

Answer 68

3ml x TBSA x kg = LR to be administered over 24 hours