Clover leaf craniosynostosis (Kleeblattschaedel) is most likely what craniosynostosis syndrome?
Pfeiffer syndrome
When does fibrous dyplasia cease?
When normal bone growth ceases
What is Harada-Ito procedure?
Displaces anterior SO fibers temporally so as to induce more incyclotorsion in an eye that is excyclotorting such as in SO palsy
Superior oblique myokymia causes torsional movements resulting in diplopia and monocular ocillopsia. What is considered 1st line treatment?
Systemic carbemazepime (or other similar anti-epileptic) plus topical timolol. Surgical myectomy of SO if fails 1st line therapy.
What may be the best tx of iris stromal cysts?
Surgical excision if tx is needed
What type of muscle surgery would you do on a type 1 Duanes patient?
Medial rectus recession; strengthening of the lateral rectus (resection) is not advisable as it may worsen the retratction; Type 1 Duanes is abduction deficit with esotropia
Posterior subcapsular cataracts are less common in children. What is one phacomatoses that is associated with PSC?
NF2
How fast does the posterior lens capsule opacify after cataract surgery in young children?
18-24 months
Are the lens zonules in homocysinuria usually broken?
Yes, this is in contrast to Marfan’s
After what age is the risk of developing further retinoblastoma rare?
2 years
What fat pads of the three lower eyelid fat pads does the IO separate?
The medial and nasal
axial length birth vs adult
16 mm to 22-26 mm (at 13 yrs old) Change occurs in three phases * 4mm in 1st 6 months * 1 mm until 5 * 1mm until 13
Describe how the cornea changes diopters from birth on
At birth approximately 52 D until adult of 42-44 DCCT at birth is .96 and in adult is .54
Describe how the infant lens changes from birth on
30+ at birth to 23D in adulthood
Describe the term emmetropization
Change in refractive state of children toward emmetropia. Hypertropia most common in children until 6-8 when myopic shift occurs toward plano which does no occur until 16 or so.
How are the distance of rectus muscle insertion different in the newborn compared to adult?
- 2 mm shorter at birth * 1 mm shorter at 6 months * same as adult at 20 months (5.5, 6.5, 6.9, 7.6)
When is 20/20 va reached in children by preferential looking (teller acuity) testing verses VEP?
Preferential looking: 3-5 yrsVEP: 6 months
What is the visual acuity of a newborn infant?
20/400-20/600
dysraphia
failure to fuse (e.g. choroidal coloboma)
hypotelorism
narrowly spaced eyes defined as reduced distance between medial walls of orbits with reduced inner and outer canthal distances.
hypertelorism
Excessive interpupillary distances when compared to normal nomograms
exorbitism
orbits are shallow-bulging of the eyes beyond the socket
Telecanthus
NAME?
dystopia canthorum
lateral displacement of both the inner canthi and lacrimal puncta such that an imaginary vertical line drawn connecting the upper and lower puncta crosses the cornea
