Pediatrics Flashcards

Question

Why do infants need glucose?

Answer 1

- Because their glucose stores are rapidly depleted

Answer 2

- Peds are very sensitive to heat loss due to large surface areas small amounts of subcutaneous fat and poor vasomotor control

Answer 3

- Increase room temperature - Use warming lights - Warming device placed on pt Follow manufacture's instruction for use of any and all equipment

Answer 4

- Behavioral observation scale - FLACC (face, legs, activity, cry and consolability) - To assess a preverbal or non communicative child

Answer 5

Wong- Baker Face Scale

Answer 6

- Use 0 to 10 rating scale

Answer 7

- Hold or rock pt if appropriate because it will help relax the child - Provide glucose in a baby'b bottle reduces pain and relieves anxiety

Answer 8

- weight should be in kg and pounds to decrease medication errors from (estimating)

Answer 9

- Infants are prone to dehydration due to immature renal function at birth and limited ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine - Do not overload pediatric with fluids*

Answer 10

- Parents or legal guardian sign for children unless child is emancipated minor as described by law

Answer 11

- preoperative verification - site marking - time out

Answer 12

- Focusing on parent and caregiver - keep babies on their routine - Make plans for at least one parent to be with baby

Answer 13

- preparation should take place a day or two - interactive play with doll and stuffed animals can help toddler be more secure in hospital environment - Keep explanations simple and be careful with your words - its not unusual for toddlers to regress

Answer 14

- Major fear of unknown - Children should be told of surgery days prior - provide a tour - dramatic play is a big part of preschoolers - use pictures , stuffed animals or toys to help children understand - Tell the truth in simple term and answer all their questions

Answer 15

- Should take place a week or two before surgery preparation too far in advance can produce anxiety - Emphasize surgery is not a punishment - Have child explain back what is going to happen - Give child choices to increase sense of control - Allow visits from friends - Treat as big kid but may have baby insecurities - May feel pain intensely - Use common interest to build trust - Question child directly and simply - Offer limited choices - Don't tell them not to cry

Answer 16

- Privacy is much a need for teenager - Allow teens to be part of decision making - Encourage them to make a list of questions to ask physicians - Be truthful may become angry if think you're keeping secrets from them - Identity and peer relationships are key issues - Concerned with body image - Reaction can be over and under exaggerated - Regression behavior is common - Concerned with modesty and privacy

Answer 17

- Use simple words - use open body language - don't ever intentionally lie to a child - if they ask always tell a child if something is going to hurt - Explain procedure in simple easily understood terms but not until it is time for the procedure to begin

Answer 18

- Treat children as people - Learn and use their preferred names - Treat every child as if they are the most beautiful child - Listen to what the child says - Keep children physically and emotionally comfortable as possible - Basic and advance pain management is important - Try to relieve fear and anxiety as early as possible

Answer 19

- Non verbal communication - A smile is calming - get to child's eye level - try not to make the child look at you in an awkward angle - for preverbal children use a happy voice and bring the tone up at the end of the sentences - Use a soft voice with moderate pace and interrupt only when necessary - Use noise like uh hum and I see to encourage children to talk

Answer 20

- For healthy elective patients anesthesia providers start the peripheral IV access line after induction of inhaled anesthetic - Central venous access devices, central line, intravenous lines can be inserted for emergency access for fluid resuscitation - An intraosseous needle or bon marrow aspiration needle is placed in the anterior aspect of the tibia place a pillow under the knee and secure and stabalize the line for rapid infusion of fluids

Answer 21

- Because of use of uncuffed ET tubes it is imperative to secure and maintain the airway for patient safety, ET tubes can easily dislodge - Pediatric code sheet of emergency medication based on pt weight in kilograms and pound have this immediately available for all perioperative team members - Never leave child alone safety straps when applicable need to be applieds - Make sure child is focus on attention * Attention to blood loss is extremely important

Answer 22

- Hypothermia increase oxygen consumption leads to hypoxia respiratory depression , acidosis, hypoglycemic and alters medication metabolism - Hypothermia prolongs neuromuscular blocking agents and delays the emergence from anesthetic agents

Answer 23

- Use age and size appropriate for all equipment - Use appropriate energy settings per manufacture instruction - Defibrillator settings - ESU settings

Answer 24

-Order from physician's required before placement

Answer 25

- To obtain a urine specimen - To monitor urine output - To relieve urinary retention - For genitourinary testing procedure such as cystogram - Lengthy surgical procedures

Answer 26

- Check for allergies - Avoid latex catheters - Use silicon catheter if possible

Answer 27

- Select appropriate size - perform the procedure using sterile technique - Position patient for the procedure - Provide adequate lighting - Sizes go up by weight

Answer 28

``` Neonate- 5-6 F infant to 3 5-8 F 4-8 yrs 8 F 8 yrs- 10-12 F puberty 12-14 F ```

Answer 29

- Pediatric pt recovering from anesthesia routinely exhibit hyperactive behavior ( excitement phase) - It is important to assess the cause - Drug response - Hypoxemia - Pain - Awakening in strange surrounding

Answer 30

- Check teeth of school age children before and after the procedure especially if loose tooth are present - If teeth are removed to prevent accidental dislodgement and possible aspiration be sure the patient is given the tooth before leaving - Note the documentation of the tooth removed in anesthesia record

Answer 31

* The best position for postop is LATERAL - For children who have had intraoral procedures the best position is SEMIPRONE to facilitate drainage of secretion or blood - Side rails should be up and padded where necessary - An infant may need to be cocooned in a blanket to prevent injury - Safety retraints may need to be applied per facility policy to prevent accidental dislodging of tubes and drains

Answer 32

- It is common for health care organizations to have policy for "consent on file" consistency of RN assignment can help decrease anxiety

Answer 33

- Experts in child development and help pediatric patients cope with hospitalization through play, education, and activities

Answer 34

- RNs considered mandated reporters

Answer 35

- Shaken baby syndrome - Unexplained fracture and falls - Signs of lack of physical and medical care - Unexplained or deliberate burns, hairloss, multiple skin injuries

Answer 36

- * Trauma is the leading cause of death in pediatric pts | - It is the responsibilty of the physician caring for the pt to communicate to the parents the death of the child

Pediatrics Flashcards

(66 cards)