Anatomy: Pelvis and Upper Femora
AP Projection
Patient Position
- Supine
Part Position: - Center MSP to the midline of the grid
- Medially rotate feet and lower limbs 15 to 20 degrees (if no trauma or other pathological factor)
- Heels placed 8 - 10 inches (20 - 24 cm) apart
- Places femoral necks parallel with IR
- Equal ASIS-to-table distance on both
sides - Ensures the pelvis is not rotated
- Upper border of IR or light field 1 to 11⁄2 inches (2.5 to 3,8 cm) above crests
Anatomy: Pelvis & Upper Femora
AP Projection
Central Ray
Perpendicular to IR, 2 inches (5 cm) inferior to the ASIS and 2 inches (5 cm) superior to the pubic symphysis
Anatomy: Pelvis & Upper Femora
AP Projection
Collimation
- Radiation field 14 × 17 inch (35 x
43 cm) on the collimator. - For smaller patients, collimate 1 inch (2.5 cm) beyond the skin shadow on the sides
Pelvis and the head, neck,
trochanters, and proximal one-third or one-fourth of the femur.
AP Projection
Anatomy: Proximal Femura & Necks
AP Oblique (Modified Cleaves Method)
Central Ray
Bilateral: Perpendicular to MSP at level 1 inch (2.5 cm) above pubic symphysis
Unilateral: Perpendicular to femoral neck
- Bilateral image shows AP
oblique
projection - Femoral heads
- Femoral necks
- Trochanteric
areas
AP Oblique (Modified Cleaves Method)
Anatomy: Hip
Projections
•AP Projection
•Lateral Hip Lauenstein & Hickey (Mediolateral)
•Axiolateral Hip (Danelius-Mill er Method)
•Modified Lateral Hip (Clements-Na kayama Modification)
Anatomy:Hip
AP Projection
Central Ray
- Perpendicular to femoral neck
- Use localization technique
- CR placed approximately 2.5
inches (6.4 cm) distal on a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint of a line between the ASIS and the pubic
- Head
- Neck
- Trochanters
-Proximal
one-third of the body of the femur
AP Projection
Anatomy: Hip
Lateral Hip Lauenstein & Hickey (Mediolateral)
Central Ray
Perpendicular through hip joint (Lauenstein method)
Enters midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis
Cephalic angulation of 20 - 25 degrees entering an additional 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior (Hickey method)
- Lateral projection of hip
- Acetabulum
- Proximal end of femur
- Relationship of the femoral head to the acetabulum
Lateral Hip Lauenstein & Hickey (Mediolateral)
Anatomy: Hip
Axiolateral Hip (Danelius-Mill er Method)
Central Ray
Horizontal and perpendicular to
long axis of femoral neck
- Acetabulum
- Head
- Neck
- Trochanters
Axiolateral Hip (Danelius-Mill er Method)
Anatomy: Hip
Modified Lateral Hip (Clements-Na kayama Modification)
Central Ray
15 degrees posteriorly and
perpendicular to the femoral neck
- Acetabulum
- Proximal femur in lateral profile
- Head
- Neck
- Trochanters
Modified Lateral Hip (Clements-Na kayama Modification)
Anatomy: Acetabulum
AP Oblique Projection Judet Method
Central Ray
Internal Oblique
- Perpendicular to IR
- Enters 2 Inches (5 cm) inferior to
ASIS of a ected
side
External Oblique
- Perpendicular to IR
- Enters pubic symphysis
Shows the Acetabular rim
AP Oblique Projection Judet Method
Anatomy: Anterior Pelvic Bones
Projections
AP Axial Projection (Outlet) Taylor Method
Superoinferior Axial Projection (Inlet) Bridgman Method
Anatomy: Anterior Pelvic Bones
AP Axial Projection (Outlet) Taylor Method
Central Ray
- Men: angle 20 - 25 degrees cephalad
- Women: angle 30- 45 degrees cephalad
- Enters the midline at a point 2 inches (5cm) inferior to the superior border of the pubic symphysis
Superior and inferior rami
without foreshortening
AP Axial Projection (Outlet) Taylor Method
Anatomy: Anterior Pelvic Bones
Superoinferior Axial Projection (Inlet) Bridgman Method
Central Ray
- Directed 40 degrees caudad
- Entering the midline at the
level of ASIS
Axial projection of the entire
pelvic ring, or inlet.
Superoinferior Axial Projection (Inlet) Bridgman Method
