Perception 2

Question 1

_________ argues that there is enough information in our environment to make sense of the world in a direct way.

Answer 1

Gibson

Question 2

As we move through our environment, objects which are close to us pass us by faster than those further away.

Answer 2

Bottom-up Theory

Question 3

Changes in the flow of optic array contains important information about what type of movement is taking place.

Answer 3

Light and the Environment

Question 4

Gibson claims that the center of that movement indicates the direction in which the perceiver is moving.

Answer 4

Light and the Environment

Question 5

Gibson notes that we rarely see a static view of an object or scene.

When we move our head and eyes or walk around our environment, things move in and out of our viewing fields.

Answer 5

Invariants

Question 6

What are some examples of invariants?

Answer 6

1. Texture perspective
2. Linear perspective

Question 7

Cues in the environment that aid perception.

Answer 7

Affordances

Question 8

What are some examples of affordances?

Answer 8

1. Optical Array
2. Relative Brightness
3. Texture Gradient
4. Relative Size
5. Superimposition

Question 9

What are some evidences against Gibson’s theory?

Answer 9

1. Fails to explain why perceptions are sometimes incorrect.
2. Fails to explain naturally occurring illusions.
3. Weakest aspect is affordances.

Question 10

Gregory sees perception as a “hypothesis”. Formation of incorrect hypotheses will lead to errors in perception.

Answer 10

Top-down Theory

Question 11

A lot of information reaches the eyes but is lost by the time it reaches the brain (90% lost)

Answer 11

Gregory’s Top-down Theory

Question 12

What are some evidences that support Gregory’s Theory?

Answer 12

1. Perception allows behavior to be generally appropriate to non-sensed object characteristics.
2. Perceptions can be interpreted.

Question 13

In Gregory’s Theory, multiple perception is possible because ________.

Answer 13

Brain develops 2 equally reasonable hypotheses, and is unable to decide between the 2.