What navigation systems does PRB use and what systems does it replace?
Uses space based (GNSS)
Replaces ground sensor based aids (ILS, VOR, NDB)
What does RNAV stand for? What requirements must it meet?
Area Navigation. An RNAV system must meet accuracy, integrity, continuity, availability and functionality requirements but need not have Performance monitoring and alerting
What is the different between RNP and RNAV?
RNP requires on board performance monitoring and alerting
What phase of flight is the RNAV2 specification used for in NZ?
All enroute operations
What phase of flight is the RNAV 1 specification used for in NZ?
Standard specification for SIDs and STARs
What phase of flight is the RNP1 specification used for in NZ?
SIDs and STARs at selected regional airports
What is RNP APCH specification used for in NZ? How does it appear on charts?
RNP Approach is used at certain aerodrome in NZ. IT appears as RNAV(GNSS) on charts
What is RNP AR specification used for in NZ? How does it appear on Charts?
It is used for certain approaches that requires CAANZ approval to make that approach. Marked as RNAV(RNP) on charts.
What does the number mean on an RNAV or RNP specification?
It is the limiting number in nautical miles for the lateral deviation from the centreline of the track. It must be maintained at least 95% of the time.
In normal conditions what should the ANP be when flying RNAV routes?
No more than half the maximum allowable.
What are the letters used as Domestic ATS route designators?
Conventional 1 way: V
Conventional 2 way: H
RNAV 1 way: Y
RANV 2 way: Q
What is the default RNP for; En-route, Terminal, Approach, Missed Approach?
En-route: 2.0mn
Terminal: 1.0nm
Approach: 0.3nm
Missed approach: 1.0nm
What approaches will have vertical descent guidance and which ones will have only have lateral guidance?
VNAV provided:
RNAV(GNSS) - Where VNAV is specified
RNAV(RNP)
VNAV not provided:
RNAV(GNSS) - Where LNAV is not specified
What are some characteristics of RNAV(GNSS) approaches?
- Straight tracks between waypoints
- RNP of 0.3
- Non-precision approach even where VNAV is given
What are the characteristics of B-VNAV approaches?
- Uses barometric data to give vertical guidance
- Usually has descent gradient of 3˚
- Uses DA rather than MDA
- Vertical path angle of above and below ISA will be given
- QNH must be aerodrome specific
What are the characteristics of RNAV(RNP) approaches? (9)
- Approach procedures with vertical guidance (APV)
- Requires Aircraft, aircrew and operator approval from CAA
- RNP will be 0.3nm - 0.1nm
- Mix of straight tracks and radius to fix tracks
- Flown at constant angle descents
- Require GNSS updating of FMS/RNAV navigation position
- Not allowed to use Remote QNH
- IAF and IF are often co-located
- FAF indicated by a Maltese cross
Can non RNP aircraft operate in RNP airspace?
Yes, as long as it is not designated “RNP Mandatory”
When designing RNAV routs, what is the lateral containment?
Track 2 time the RNP value either side of centreline is obstacle and terrain free
How can you tell the difference between a fly by waypoint or a flyover waypoint?
Fly-by: normal
Fly-over: circle around symbol
What are the 4 different types of legs? Briefly describe each?
- Track to Fix: Track between two points is intercepted and flown
- Direct to fix: Track from present position directly to next fix
- Course to fix: Path terminates at a fix with a specified course at that fix
- Radius to fix: A constant radius circular path around a defined turn centre that terminates at a fix
What does RF required mean on an approach chart?
Radius to fix
What is the terminal area of an RNAV route?
Tracks within a 30nm radius of the aerodrome reference point
What is GBAS? How does it work? What is its accuracy?
- Ground based augmentation system
- Takes measurements based on its very accurately known location and transmits corrections DIRECTLY to the aircraft
- Generally a localised system relating to approaches and departures
- Less than 1m vertically and laterally
What is SBAS? How dies it work? What is its accuracy?
-Space based augmentation system
-Ground stations detect small errors and transmit information to central computer
-Central computer calculates correction to apply to different zones
-Correction then transmitted to additional satellite
-Correction sent from satellite to the SBAS capable GPS receiver
Accuracy with mobile coverage is 3cm, without it is 10cm
