Perineum

Question 1

What is the location of the perineum?

Answer 1

• Bounded externally by thighs and buttocks

Question 2

What is the shape of the perineum?

Answer 2

• diamond-shaped region

Question 3

What are the skeletal boundaries of the perineum?

Answer 3

• pubic symphysis
• ischiopubic/conjoint rami x2
• sacrotuberous ligaments x2
• coccyx

Question 4

What is the superior boundary of the perineum?

Answer 4

• pelvic diaphragm

Question 5

What is the inferior boundry of the perineum?

Answer 5

• perineal skin

Question 6

What are the lateral boundaries of the perineum?

Answer 6

• obturator intermus

- ischiopubic ramus

Question 7

What are the two subregions of the perineum?

Answer 7

• urogenital region/triangle

- anal region/triangle

Question 8

What are the shared contents of the urogenital region for both male and female?

Answer 8

• urogenital diaphragm
• urethra
• various muscles
• parts of external genitalia

Question 9

What are the non-shared contents of the urogenital region?

Answer 9

• vagina

- bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)

Question 10

What is the contents of the anal region?

Answer 10

• anal canal

- ischiorectal fossae x2

Question 11

Is there sexual dimorphism between men and female in the anal canal?

Answer 11

• no

Question 12

Is there sexual dimorphism between men and female in the urogenital triangle?

Answer 12

• yes

Question 13

What are the four subregions of the female urogenital region? (roof to floor)

Answer 13

1. anterior recesses of ischiorectal fossae
2. urogenital diaphragm
3. superficial perineal pouch
4. skin and superficial fascia and parts of external genitalia

Question 14

What is the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 14

• shelf-like muscular partition

- its external layers are formed by inferior and superior perineal fascias

Question 15

Where is the urogenital diaphragm extend between?

Answer 15

• between the ischiopubic rami

Question 16

What is the female urogenital diaphragm pierced by?

Answer 16

• urethra

- vagina

Question 17

What is the superior relation of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 17

• ischiorectal fossae

- its anterior recess contains fibrofatty tissue

Question 18

What is the inferior relation of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 18

• superficial perineal pouch which is bounded by deep fascia

- contains muscles, parts of external genitalia, blood vessels, nerves and fat

Question 19

What is another name for the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 19

• deep perineal pouch

Question 20

What is another name for the female external genitalia?

Answer 20

• vulva

Question 21

What is the common location of the vulva?

Answer 21

• lie inferior to superficial perineal pouch

Question 22

What is the perineal body?

Answer 22

• median fibrous body that lies at the junction of the urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Question 23

What does the perineal body extend between?

Answer 23

• from pelvic diaphragm to perineal skin

Question 24

What is another name for the perineal body?

Answer 24

• central tendon of perineum

Question 25

What are the four subregions of the male urogenital region? (roof to floor)

Answer 25

1. anterior recesses of ischiorectal fossae 2. urogenital diaphragm 3. superficial perineal pouch/space (where the spongy urethra is) 4. skin, superficial fascia and external genitalia

Question 26

What is the male urogenital diaphragm pierced by?

Answer 26

- urethra

Question 27

What does the male urogenital diaphragm contain?

Answer 27

- 2 bulbourethral glands

Question 28

What does the male superficial perineal pouch contain?

Answer 28

- muscles - parts of penis - blood vessels - nerves

Question 29

What is the male external genitalia?

Answer 29

- scrotum and its contents (spermatic cord) | - penis

Question 30

What is the contents of the scrotum?

Answer 30

- testis x2 - epididymis x2 - spermatic cord x2 - tunica vaginalis (covers testie) - fascia and muscles

Question 31

What is the importance of the fibrofatty tissue in the anal region?

Answer 31

- protection of the van complex

Question 32

What is the VAN complex in the anal region?

Answer 32

- internal pudendal vein - internal pudendal artery - pudendal nerve

Question 33

What makes up the roof of the anal canal?

Answer 33

- levator ani x2

Question 34

What makes up the floor of the anal canal?

Answer 34

- perineal skin

Question 35

Where does the ischiorectal fossae located in relation to the anal canal?

Answer 35

- lateral

Question 36

What makes up the roof of the ischiorectal fossae?

Answer 36

- levator ani x2

Question 37

What makes up the lateral walls of the ischiorectal fossae?

Answer 37

- obturator internus x2 | - ischiopubic ramus x2

Question 38

What are the two recesses of the ischiorectal fossae?

Answer 38

- anterior | - posterior

Question 39

Where does the anterior recess pass between?

Answer 39

- passes between pelvic and urogenital diaphragm to enter urogenital triangle

Question 40

Where does the posterior recess pass between?

Answer 40

- passes between pelvic diaphragm and gluteus maximus

Question 41

What is the contents of the ischiorectal fossae?

Answer 41

- fibrofatty tissue | - pudendal canals x2 (contains artery and vein)

Question 42

Where is each pudendal canal located?

Answer 42

- in the deep fascia of obturator internus

Question 43

What is contained in the internal pudendal canal?

Answer 43

- internal pudendal artery and vein | - pudendal nerve

Question 44

What is a branch of the internal pudendal arterty?

Answer 44

- inferior rectal artery

Question 45

What is the position of the anal canal?

Answer 45

- oriented postero-inferiorly

Question 46

What is the length of the anal canal?

Answer 46

- 4cm