Emily's Anatomy > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

What is the perineum?

A

The anatomical region of the pelvis

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2
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

A

The pelvic floor

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3
Q

What is the anterior anatomical border?

A

Public symphysis

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4
Q

What is the posterior anatomical border?

A

Tip of the coccyx

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5
Q

What is the lateral anatomical border?

A
  1. Inferior pubic rami
  2. Inferior ischial rami
  3. Sacrotuberous ligament
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6
Q

What is the anatomical roof border of the perineum?

A

Pelvic floor

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7
Q

What is the anatomical base border of the perineum?

A

Skin and fascia

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8
Q

The perineum can be subdivided into two sections by what?

A

The ischial tuberosities

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9
Q

What are the two triangles of the perineum?

A
  1. Anterior urogenital triangle

2. Posterior anal triangle

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10
Q

What is the anterior surface border of the perineum?

A

FEMALES = mons pubis

MALES = base of penis

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11
Q

What is the lateral surface border of the perineum?

A

Medial surfaces of the thighs

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12
Q

What is the posterior surface border of the perineum?

A

Superior end of the intergluteal cleft

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13
Q

What are the borders of the anal triangle?

A
  1. Coccyx
  2. Sacrotuberous ligaments
  3. Theoretical line between the ischial tuberosities
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14
Q

What are the main contents of the anal triangle?

A
  1. Anal aperture
  2. External anal sphincter muscle
  3. Ischioanal fossae
  4. Pudendal nerve
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15
Q

What are the ischioanal fossae?

A

Spaces located laterally to the anus

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16
Q

What do the ischioanal fossae do?

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A

They contain fat and connective tissue that allow for expansion of the anal canal during defecation

17
Q

Where do the ischioanal fossae extend to and from?

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A

INFERIORLY = skin of anal region

SUPERIORLY = pelvic diaphragm

18
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

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A

The whole perineum with somatic fibres

19
Q

What is the urogenital triangle bound by?

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A
  1. Pubic symphysis
  2. Ischiopubic rami
  3. Theoretical line between the ischial tuberosities
20
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

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A

An additional layer of strong, deep fascia in the urogenital triangle

21
Q

What are the layers of the urogenital triangle? (From deep to superficial)

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A
  1. Deep perineal pouch
  2. Perineal membrane
  3. Superficial perineal pouch
  4. Perineal fascia
  5. Skin
22
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

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A

A potential space between the deep fascia of the pelvic floor and the perineal membrane

23
Q

What does the deep perineal pouch contain?

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A
  1. Urethra
  2. External urethral sphincter
  3. Vagina (F)
  4. Bulbourethral glands (M)
  5. Deep transverse perineal muscles (M)
24
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

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A

A layer of tough fascia providing attachment for the muscles of the external genitalia

25
What does the perineal membrane contain?
1. Urethra perforates the membrane | 2. Vagina (F)
26
What is the superficial perineal pouch?
A potential space between the perineal membrane and the superficial perineal fascia
27
What does the superficial perineal pouch contain?
1. Erectile tissues that form the penis and clitoris 2. 3 muscles 3. Bartholin's glands
28
What are the 3 muscles in the superficial perineal pouch?
1. Ischiocavernous muscle 2. Bulbospongiosus muscle 3. Superficial transverse perineal muscles
29
What is another name for the Bartholin's glands?
The greater vestibular glands
30
What is the perineal fascia?
A continuity of the abdominal fascia
31
What are the two components of the perineal fascia?
1. Deep fascia | 2. Superficial fascia
32
What 2 layers of fascia comprise the superficial perineal fascia layer and what are they continuous with?
1. SUPERFICIAL layer - continuous with Camper's fascia of anterior abdominal wall 2. DEEP layer (Colles' fascia) - continuous with Scarpa's fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
33
What is the perineal body?
An irregular fibromuscular mass in the central point of the perineum
34
What does the perineal body act as?
A point of attachment for muscle fibres of the pelvic floor and perineum
35
What attaches to the perineal body?
1. Levator ani 2. bulbospongiosus muscle 3. Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles 4. External anal sphincter muscle 5. External urethral sphincter muscle fibres
36
Where does the perineal body lie in women and why?
Between the vagina and external anal sphincter Acts as a tear resistant body, supporting the posterior part of the vaginal wall against prolapse.
37
What does the pudendal nerve travel along in the perineum?
Along the inner surface of the ischial tuberosities, through Alcock's canal
38
What is Alcock's canal?
A canal formed by a thickening of the obturator fascia
Emily's Anatomy
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