Are groups vertical or horizontal?
vertical columns
Are periods vertical or horizontal?
horizontal rows
Are vertical columns groups or periods?
groups
Are horizontal rows groups or periods?
periods
Define: atom
the smallest particle an element can exist
Define: molecule
a group of atoms bonded together
Define: element
a pure substance made up of only one type of atom
Define: compound
a pure substance made of more than one type of atom
Define: valence shell
The outermost shell of an atom
Define: valence electrons
The electron in the outermost shell of an atom
Describe the characteristics of Group I
Alkali Metals - very reactive, shiny and soft, increases in reactivity as you move down the group
Describe the characteristics of Group II
Alkali Earth Metals - fairly reactive, silver and shiny and soft
Describe the characteristics of Group VII
Halogens - highly reactive, exist as diatomic molecules
Describe the characteristics of Group VIII
Noble Gases - inert (nonreactive), colourless and odourless
Describe the atomic radius trend in a period
Decreases across the row (left to right)
Describe the atomic radius trend in a group
Doubles down a group
State the octet rule
Atoms tend to gain or lose valence electrons to achieve 8 electrons in the outer shell and hence become stable
Do non-metals gain or lose electrons?
non-metals gain electrons
Do metals gain or lose electrons?
metals lose electrons
Define: ion
an atom that becomes charged due to gaining or losing electrons
Define: anion
a negatively charged ion due to gaining electrons
Define: cation
a positively charged ion due to losing electrons
Define: ionic bonding
a bond between a non-metal and a metal, formed by the transfer of electrons to form an octet
Define: covalent bonding
a bond between two non-metals, formed by the sharing of valence electrons to form an octet
