Define atomic radius.
The distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron shell.
True or false: Atomic radius increases down a group.
TRUE
This occurs due to the addition of electron shells.
Fill in the blank: Ionization energy is the energy required to _______ an electron.
remove
What trend does ionization energy show across a period?
It increases from left to right.
Define electronegativity.
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.
True or false: Electronegativity decreases down a group.
TRUE
This is due to increased distance from the nucleus.
What is the trend in electronegativity across a period?
It increases from left to right.
Fill in the blank: Metals tend to have ______ ionization energies.
low
Define periodic law.
The properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
What is the trend in atomic size down a group?
It increases due to additional electron shells.
True or false: Nonmetals have higher electronegativities than metals.
TRUE
Nonmetals attract electrons more strongly.
What is effective nuclear charge?
The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.
Fill in the blank: Cations are ______ charged ions.
positively
What happens to atomic radius when an atom forms a cation?
It decreases due to loss of electron shell.
Define anion.
A negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.
What happens to atomic radius when an atom forms an anion?
It increases due to added electron repulsion.
True or false: Alkaline earth metals have higher ionization energies than alkali metals.
TRUE
This is due to their higher nuclear charge.
What is the trend in ionization energy down a group?
It decreases due to increased atomic size.
Fill in the blank: The noble gases have ______ electronegativities.
no
Define metallic character.
The tendency of an element to lose electrons and form cations.
What is the trend in metallic character across a period?
It decreases from left to right.
True or false: Halogens are highly electronegative.
TRUE
They are very reactive nonmetals.
What is the trend in atomic radius across a period?
It decreases from left to right.
Fill in the blank: Transition metals often form ______ ions.
multiple
