Define Peritoneum
Continuous transparent serous membrane
- lines abdominopelvic cavity
- invests the viscera
What are two layers of the peritoneum?
Parietal Peritoneum and Visceral Peritoneum
Parietal Peritoneum
- location
- function
- sensitive
- line the body wall
- supplied by the same blood, nerve, and lymphatic structures as the region of the wall it lines
- sensitive to pressure pain, temperature
Visceral Peritoneum
- location
- function
- sensitive
- covers the organs
- supplied by the same blood, nerve, and lymphatic structures as the organ
- sensitive to stretch and chemical irritation
Intraperitoneal vs Retroperitoneal
Intraperitoneal: most completely covered with visceral peritoneum
Retroperitoneal: outside the peritoneal cavity and are only partially covered with peritoneum
Ventral Mesentery
Liver
Dorsal Mesentery
Stomach
Lesser Omentum (2)
- hepatoduodenal ligament
- hepatogastric ligament
Peritoneum ligaments (5)
- Falciform Ligament
- Splenorenal Ligament
- Phrenicocolic Ligament
- Lesser Omentum
- Greater Omentum
Greater Omentum (3)
- Gastrophrenic ligament
- Gastrosplenic ligament
- gastrocolic ligament
Lesser Sac
- nickname
- function
- boundaries
aka Omental Bursa
Communicates with greater sac via the epiploic foramen (omental foramen)
Boundaries of epiploic foramen
- anterior: hepatoduodenal ligament and portal triad
- posterior: inferior vena cava and Rt. crus of diaphragm
- superior: caudate lobe of live
- inferior: 1st part of duodenum
Colon Parts (4)
- Transverse Mesocolon
- The Mesentery
- Root of the Mesentery
- Sigmoid Mesocolon
Anterior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Lesser Omentum, Stomach, and gastrocolic ligament
Posterior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Pancreas, Left suprarenal gland, left kidney , aorta, IVC, splenic a & v
Superior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Liver, diaphragm
Inferior Relationship of Lesser Sac
Transverse mesocolon, 1st part of duodenum
Left Relationship of Lesser Sac
hilum of spleen , gastrosplenic ligament
Right Relationship of Lesser Sac
Epiploic foramen open into greater sac
Transverse mesocolon divides cavity into: (2)
- how do they communicate?
1) Supracolic compartment: stomach, liver, spleen
2) Infracolic compartment : SI, ascending and descending colon
- free communication between compartments via the paracolic gutters
Peritonitis
infection in peritoneal cavity
- can occur from rupture of infected organ or from external wound
- localization of infections can lead to abscesses
Ascites
excess fluid in peritoneal cavity
Drainage (Paracentesis)
- most inferior point is rectouterine pouch
- drainage of abscesses is possible without causing generalized peritonitis
- paracentesis- drainage of large volumes of blood or serous fluid that accumulate in cavity
Parts of Pancreas
1) Head
- Uncinate process
2) Neck
3) Body
4) Tail
Anterior Relationship of Pancreas
lesser sac and stomach
