How is a personality disorder defined?
enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior leading to distress or impairment
What is repetition compulsion?
when people tend to repeat maladaptive behaviors
What are the 4 main character types in character armor?
narcissistic
hysterical
compulsive
masochistic
In which cluster are antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, and borderline personality disorders?
Cluster B-dreaded disorders, behavioral
In which cluster are paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal personality disorders?
Cluster A-psychotic like but not psychotic
In which cluster are avoidant, dependant, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders?
Cluster C
How is paranoid personality disorder described?
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others
How is schizoid personality disorder described?
detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotions
How is schizotypal personality disorder described?
interpersonal deficits marked by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior
How is antisocial personality disorder described?
- disregard for and violation of the rights of others since 15 years old
- evidence of conduct disorder with onset before 15
How is histrionic personality disorder described?
excessive emotionality and attention seeking starting in early adulthood (sexually seductive, self dramatization, easily influenced by others, considers relationships more intimate than they are)
How is narcissistic personality disorder described?
- pattern of grandiosity starting by early adulthood
- need admiration and lack empathy
- sense of entitlement
How is borderline personality disorder described?
instability of interpersonal relationships, self image and affects and marked impulsivity starting by early adulthood
How is avoidant personality disorder described?
- social inhibition starting in early adulthood
- feelings of inadequacy
- hypersensitive to criticism or rejection
How is obsessive compulsive personality disorder described?
- starts in early adulthood
- preoccupied with details
- perfectionism interferes with task completion
- excessively devoted to work
- micro-manages
- rigid and stubborn
How is dependent personality disorder described?
- excessive need to be taken care of
- starts in early adulthood
- indecisive
- submissive and clingy
- difficult expressing disagreement
- lack of self confidence, feeling helpless
- goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance
What are the categories of the 5 factor model?
extraversion neuroticism openness to experience conscientiousness agreeableness
What are the 4 categories of the temperament and character inventory?
novelty seeking
reward dependence
harm avoidance
persistence
Which of the personality disorders are more prevalent in men?
antisocial
Which of the personality disorders are more prevalent in women?
paranoid, avoidant and dependent
Name 4 exacerbating factors/differential diagnoses for personality disorders?
substance use
medical/psychiatric disorders
stress
close relationships
What are the risk factors for personality disorders?
not married
impoverished
poorly educated
What is the possible etiology of personality disorders?
reduced serotonin levels
How are Cluster A personality disorders treated? (paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal)
antipsychotics and psychotherapy
little studied
