Psych GRE > Personality & Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Personality & Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

psychodynamic / psychoanalytic theory

A

existence of unconscious internal states that motivate overt actions of individuals & determine personality

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2
Q

id

A

reservoir of all psychic energy; everything psychological is present at birth

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3
Q

ego

A

mode of functioning; operates according to reality principle

objective: takes into account objective reality as it guides or inhibits activity of id

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4
Q

superego

A

strives for ideal rather than real; moral branch

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5
Q

2 subsystems of the superego

A
  1. conscience

2. ego-ideal

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6
Q

conscience

A

where what child is punished for goes

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7
Q

ego-ideal

A

incorporates what child gets rewarded for

punishment/reward –> right/wrong

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8
Q

pleasure principle

A

aim to immediately discharge any energy build up

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9
Q

primary process

A

id’s response to frustration; satisfaction now, not later

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10
Q

wish-fulfillement

A

mental image of the object

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11
Q

instinct

A

innate psychological representation of bodily excitation

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12
Q

eros

A

life, instinct, purpose

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13
Q

libido

A

form of energy by which life instincts perform their work

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14
Q

thanatos

A

death instinct; unconscious wish for ultimate absolute state of quiescence

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15
Q

defense mechanisms

A

ego’s recourse to releasing excessive pressures due to anxiety

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16
Q

8 defense mechanisms

A
  1. repression
  2. suppression
  3. projection
  4. reaction formation
  5. rationalization
  6. regression
  7. sublimation
  8. displacement
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17
Q

repression

A

unconscious forgetting of anxiety-producing memories

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18
Q

suppression

A

deliberate, conscious form of forgetting

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19
Q

projection

A

person attributes forbidden urges to others

I hate my uncle –> anxiety –> my uncle hates me

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20
Q

reaction formation

A

repressed wish warded off by its diametrical opposite

boy hates brother –> punished for hostile acts –> now shows affection

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21
Q

rationalization

A

process of developing socially acceptable explanation for inappropriate behavior or thoughts

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22
Q

regression

A

reverting to earlier stage of development in response to trauma

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23
Q

sublimation

A

transforming unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

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24
Q

displacement

A

pent-up feelings discharged on objects & people less dangerous than those objects or people causing the feelings

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25
Carl Jung
behavior motivated by inborn archetypes
26
libido according to Carl Jung
psychic energy in general (not just rooted into sexuality)
27
collective unconscious
system shared among all humans; residue of ancestral experiences
28
archetypes
thought or image w/ an emotional element
29
5 archetypes
1. persona 2. anima 3. animus 4. shadow 5. self
30
anima
archetype: feminine behavior in males
31
animus
archetype: feminine behavior in females
32
shadow
animal instincts that humans inherited in evolution from lower forms of life
33
Jung's 2 personality orientations
1. extroversion | 2. introversion
34
inferiority complex
individual's sense of incompleteness, sense of imperfection, physical inferiorities, & social disabilities
35
fictional finalism
individual motivated more by his or her expectations of the future than by past experiences
36
object-relations theory
looks at creation & development of internalized objects in young children
37
psychoanalysis
type of psychotherapy developed by Freud; long-term treatment for uncovering repressed memories
38
free association
client says whatever comes to his or her conscious mind
39
dream interpretation
helped understand unconscious conflicts
40
resistance
unwillingness or inability to relate to certain thoughts, motives, or experiences
41
transference
attributing to therapist attitudes & feelings that developed in patient's relations w/ significant others in the past
42
countertransference
therapist feeling emotions toward patient
43
neo-Freudian approach
more emphasis on current interpersonal relationships than childhood experiences & psychosexual development
44
behaviorism
look at behavior instead of unconscious instincts
45
social learning theory
modeling observed behavior; learning occurs by having one's own behavior reinforced & by observing other people's behaviors being reinforced
46
behaviorists vs. psychoanalystics
psychoanalysts: symptoms are manifestations of some disorder behaviorists: symptoms are the disorder
47
cognitive-behavior therapy
tries to restructure patient's distorted & irrational thoughts
48
Albert Ellis rational-emotive therapy (RET)
therapist challenges irrationl belief
49
symptom substitution
underlying cause still there; new symptoms will develop | psychanalysts do not believe symptom relief is adequate therapy. new symptoms will develop
50
phenomenological theorists
emphasize internal processes rather than overt behavior | focus on what distinguishes us from animals
51
Kurt Lewin's field theory
personality = dynamic, constantly changing
52
Maslow's hierarchy
needs organized ascending from basic to complex
53
self-actualization
highest need on Maslow's hierarchy of needs: profound experiences in person's life that have important & lasting effects
54
human-existential therapy
emphasizes process of finding meaning in one's life by making own choices (mental illness is due to lack of meaningful existence)
55
client-centered therapy
(person-centered, nondirective) - people have freedom to control behavior
56
type theorist
characterize people according to specific types of personality
57
trait theorist
attempt to ascertain fundamental dimensions of personality
58
Type A
competitive, compulsive
59
Type B
laid-back, relaxed
60
Gordon Allport's 3 traits
1. cardinal 2. central 3. secondary
61
cardinal
trait around which person organizes life (Mother Teresa)
62
central
major characteristics of personality that are easy to infer | honesty
63
secondary
more personal characteristics
64
functional autonomy
given activity or form of behavior may become end or goal in itself
65
idiographic
study personality by focusing on individual case studies
66
nomothetic
study personality by focusing on groups & finding commonalities between individuals
67
nAch (need for achievement)
if you're rated high in this, you avoid high risks & set realistic goals
68
internal locus of control
believe they can control own destiny
69
external locus of control
outside events & chance control destiny
70
machiavellian
personality trait; someone manipulative & deceitful
71
androgyny
stage of being simultaneously masculine & feminine
72
diathesis-stress model
framework used to examine causes of mental disorders diathesis: predisposition toward developing specific mental disorder
73
primary prevention
efforts to seek out & eradicate conditions that foster mental illness & establish conditions that foster mental health
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