What are the 3 levels of consciousness?
- Our conscious mind
- what we’re currently thinking about - Our preconscious mind
- accessed with relative ease by retrieving stored memories - Our unconscious mind
- hidden from our awareness, very hard or impossible t access
How does the unconscious reveal itself?
- In dreams
- Freudian slips of the tongue
These are analysed
How does Freud think best to reveal the unconscious?
- Comfortably lying down on a sofa and speak
- Projective tests ie. inkblots
these are a reflection of the unconscious mind
What are our two drives?
- Eros (life instinct)
2. Thanatos (death instinct)
What do out two drives represent?
Eros = pleasure, sex drive, excitement Thanatos = aggression, cruelty, drive to destruction
What are the three parts of our personality?
- Id - primitive desires (drives) slaves to
- Ego - negotiates desires of Id and Super Ego to try and find a balance between them
- Super Ego - ‘conscience’ what society is telling us what is morally right and wrong
What is the significance of ‘ego anxiety’?
When our Ego cannot resolve and issue between Id and Super Ego it can lead to mental health problems
What are the strengths of the psychodynamic perspective?
- Offers an explanation for why people develop mental health disorders by highlighting the importance of the unconscious mind
- Suggests ways to help people with mental health problems (talking cure to find origin)
- Made the caste study method popular in psychology. In depth detail about participant’s experiences current and past.
What are the weaknesses of the psychodynamic perspective?
- Unscientific - concepts cannot be proved or falsified (not open to scientific process)
- Taken from case studies - studying one person in detail which is highly subjective and affected by researcher bias. Lack of validity and generalisability
What are the key ideas of the behaviourist perspective?
- children learn from the environments they are in
2. that humans are born tabula rosa (blank slates) and everything is learned after birth
What are the 3 behaviorists learning theories?
- Classic Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
- Social Learning Theory
What is Classic Conditioning?
learning through association
What is Operant Conditioning?
learning through the results of rewards and punishment
What is Social Learning Theory?
learning through observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is an example of Classic Conditioning?
Pavlov’s Dogs - associated bell with food, would be salivating by sound of bell
What is an exmaple of Operant Conditioning?
Chaney et al
What is an example of Social Learning Theory?
Bandura
What are the strengths of the behaviourist perspective?
- highlights role of nurture
- practical applications - useful - phobias
- controlled lab = scientific credibility
What are the weaknesses of the behaviourist perspective?
- ignores influence of nature
- difficult to apply and inappropriate use
- lack ecological validity
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Unit 1 - Research Methods and Techniques32
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Unit 1 - Planning and Conducting Research48
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Unit 2 - Social Classic Core Studies58
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Unit 1 - Data Recording, Analysis and Presentation44
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Unit 2 - Classic Developmental Core Studies82
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Debates50
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Unit 2 - Classic Cognitive Core Studies71
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Perspectives19
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Unit 2 - Classic Individual Differences Core Studies65
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Unit 2 - Classic Biological Core Studies63
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Unit 2 - Contemporary Developmental Core Studies77
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Areas28
