Pestacides

Question 1

Mammalian Selectivity Ratio

Answer 1

LD50 oral rat/LD50 dermal pest

Question 2

Organophosphates

Answer 2

Parathion, Malathion, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos

Question 3

Organophosphates, mode of action

Answer 3

Inhibit Cholinesterases (irreversible)

Question 4

Organophosphates, Absorption

Answer 4

skin, respiratory, GI

Question 5

Organophosphates, Distribution

Answer 5

cross blood brain barrier

Question 6

Organophosphates, Bioactivation

Answer 6

Parathion bioactivated by P450s to Oxons which is the active metabolite

Question 7

Organophosphates, Targets a-e.

Answer 7

a. GI–Nausea, vomiting
b. Respiratory—excessive bronchial secretion
c. Cardiovascular —increase (as the dose increases)/decrease(initially) heart-rate/blood pressure
d. Skeletal muscles—weakness/paralysis
e. CNS—mental confusion/fatigue (affect neurotransmission)

Question 8

If parasympathetic muscarinic receptors are affected you get…

Answer 8

SLUD and pinpoint eyes, and respiratory trouble.

Question 9

If parasympathetic and sympathetic nicotinic receptors are affected you get…

Answer 9

tachycardia and muscle tension problems.

Question 10

If acetylcholine receptors in the brain are negatively affected you get…

Answer 10

drowsiness or coma

Question 11

Carbamates

Answer 11

Aldicarb, carbaryl

Question 12

Carbamates, mode of action

Answer 12

Inhibit Cholinesterases (reversible)
*Antidote—atropine and 2-PAM

Question 13

Carbamates, Bioactivation

Answer 13

None needed

Question 14

Organochlorines

Answer 14

DDT, Heptachlor, Kepone, Mirex, Chlordane

Question 15

dichlorodiphenyl ethanes structure

Answer 15

two 6 carbon rings attached to each other with one Cl attached to opposite sides of ether ring.

Question 16

cyclodiene

Answer 16

a 6 carbon ring with a bridge attached to a 5 carbon ring, with Cls coming of of it.

Question 17

chlorinated benzenes

Answer 17

benzenes with Cl sticking out

Question 18

Organochlorines, mode of action

Answer 18

Inhibits NaKATPase of neuron continued
firing

Question 19

Organochlorines, Persistence

Answer 19

Persistent—Biomagnifies in food chain

Question 20

Organochlorines, Absorption

Answer 20

GI

Question 21

Organochlorines, Target

Answer 21

CNS mostly, but also reproductive tract

Question 22

Pyrethroids

Answer 22

cypermethrin, permethrin (similar to the natural pesticides in merry golds)

Question 23

Pyrethroids, mode of action

Answer 23

inhibits Cl- channel; ionic ATPases

Question 24

Pyrethroids, affect on humans

Answer 24

Esters right next to benzine rings and when hydrolyzed they become large phenolic compounds that look a lot like estrogen and are then endocrine disrupters.

Question 25

Phenylpyrazole

Answer 25

Fipronil

Question 26

Fipronil, mode of action

Answer 26

inhibits Gaba channel which normally mediates synaptic inhibition and regulates cellular excitability.

Question 27

Tyrone Hase-

Answer 27

said atrazine affects frogs and Syngenta didn't like it.

Question 28

Bipyridyls

Answer 28

paraquat, diquat—dessicate plants

Question 29

paraquat, affect on people

Answer 29

death if in mouth, typically via fibrosis in lungs

Question 30

Chlorophenoxy Compounds

Answer 30

2,4-D and 2,4,5-T (Agent Orange 50:50 mixture) impurity---TCDD (dioxin)

Question 31

TCDD (dioxin)

Answer 31

Chloracne - skin eruption of blackheads, cysts and nodules, which has been linked directly to dioxin exposure. Teratogenicity Carcinogenicity (most potent rodent carcinogen)

Question 32

Dinitrophenol (DNP)

Answer 32

inhibits ATP synthesis (uncouples oxidative phosphorylation) Proton vacuum at body pH and messes up mitochondrial electron transport chain

Question 33

Hexachlorobenzene

Answer 33

chloracne (skin) hepatomegaly (enlarged liver ) porphyria (a group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to heme production.)

Question 34

Phthalimides

Answer 34

fungicide not know to be harmful to people.

Question 35

Dithiocarbamates

Answer 35

Maneb, Zineb

Question 36

Rodenticides

Answer 36

Warfarin (inhibits vitamin K synthesis) anticoagulant