pH

Question 1

pH equation

Answer 1

pH = -log [H+]

Question 2

Normal blood pH is

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

Ka equation

Answer 3

[H+][A-]/[HA]

Question 4

pKa equation

Answer 4

pKa = -log Ka

Question 5

pKa and Ka are _______ for a given molecule, NOT dependent on _______

Answer 5

constant / fixed, not dependent on concentration

Question 6

Henderson Hasselbach equation

Answer 6

pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA])

Question 7

When does pH = pKa

Answer 7

When ratio of base to acid concentrations = 1
[A-]/[HA] = 1

Question 8

What form of a molecule is water soluble?

Answer 8

the ionized form

Question 9

What form of a molecule is lipid soluble/membrane permeable?

Answer 9

non-ionized form

Question 10

A weak acids ionized form is its ______

Answer 10

conjugate base (A-)

Question 11

A weak bases ionized form is it _______

Answer 11

conjugate acid (BH+)

Question 12

An acid is ionized when the pH is _______ its pKa

Answer 12

ABOVE

Question 13

A base is ionized when the pH is _______ its pka

Answer 13

BELOW

Question 14

Hemoglobin’s pKa when oxygenated

Answer 14

6.6

Question 15

Hemoglobin’s pKa when deoxygenated

Answer 15

7.8

Question 16

What form of hemoglobin binds proton more tightly? (oxygenated or deoxygenated)

Answer 16

deoxygenated

Question 17

What form of hemoglobin binds proton less tightly? (oxygenated or deoxygenated)

Answer 17

Oxygenated

Question 18

What form of hemoglobin acts more like a weak acid?

Answer 18

oxygenated hemoglobin (binds proton less tightly)

Question 19

What form of hemoglobin acts more like a weak base?

Answer 19

deoxygenated hemoglobin (binds proton more tightly)

Question 20

What is a buffer

Answer 20

a mix of weak acid and its conjugate base

Question 21

What is the pH of the buffer equal to

Answer 21

the chemicals pKa

Question 22

Buffer’s work best when pH is within

Answer 22

+/- 1 pH unit of pKa

Question 23

Bicarbonate formula

Answer 23

HCO3-

Question 24

Carbonic acid formula

Answer 24

H2CO3

Question 25

Respiratory Alkalosis shifts bicarb equation in which direction?

Answer 25

Left shift (less CO2, shifts left to compensate)

Question 26

Respiratory acidosis shifts the bicarb equation in which direction?

Answer 26

Right shift (more CO2, shifts equation right)

Question 27

Respiratory acidosis occured initially from ______

Answer 27

HYPOventilation (accumulation of CO2 lowered pH)

Question 28

Respiratory alkalosis occured intially from_____

Answer 28

HYPERventilation (elimination of CO2 increased pH)

Question 29

Metabolic acidosis can results from

Answer 29

- increased loss of bicarbonate - overproduction of acids

Question 30

Metabolic alkalosis can result from

Answer 30

- increased loss of oacids - reduced amoount of fluid - excessive bicarb ingestion

Question 31

What does the anion gap measure?

Answer 31

The balance of acids and bases in the blood

Question 32

anion gap equation

Answer 32

[Na+] - (Cl- + HCO3-)

Question 33

What does high anion gap suggest?

Answer 33

Anion gap acidosis: An excess of unmeasured anions/acids. This leads to decreased bicarbonate as it reduces acids, which leads to equation increasing.

Question 34

What does low anion gap suggest?

Answer 34

low blood albumin or increased antibodies. These lead to increased Cl-, which leads equation to be reduced

Question 35

What is non-gap acidosis or alkalosis

Answer 35

changes in acid-base conditions that does change anion gap values, due to a replacement of ions in equation or b/c of an equal loss.

Question 36

How could non gap alkalosis be detected

Answer 36

high bicarbonate low chloride

Question 37

How could non gap acidosis be detected

Answer 37

low bicarbonate high chloride

Question 38

clinical effects of acidosis

Answer 38

CNS depression

Question 39

clinical effects of alkalosis

Answer 39

overexcitability of nervous system

Question 40

How does hemoglobin act as a plasma buffer

Answer 40

it binds to and releases protons in the blodo