Pharm derm 4 Flashcards by Janneth Joaquin

What are the narrow spectrum penicillins that are penicillinase sensitive?

Penicillin G
Penicillin VK

These are effective against most gram-positive bacteria except penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus.

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List the narrow spectrum penicillins that are penicillinase resistant.

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

These drugs are used for infections caused by penicillinase-producing strains of staphylococci.

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What is the drug of choice for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Vancomycin

MRSA is resistant to penicillinase-resistant penicillins.

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What is the extended spectrum penicillin used for severe infections?

Piperacillin

It is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other severe infections.

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Name the drugs combined with a B-lactamase inhibitor.

Ampicillin/Sulbactam (Unasyn)
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)
Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)

These combinations enhance the effectiveness of the penicillins against resistant bacteria.

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Which generation of Cephalosporins readily crosses the blood-brain barrier?

3rd, 4th, and 5th generations

These generations are effective for central nervous system infections.

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List the first generation cephalosporins.

Cefadroxil
Cefazolin
Cephalexin

They have the highest activity against gram-positive bacteria.

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What are the second generation cephalosporins used for?

Otitis
Sinusitis
Respiratory tract infections

They have activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

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What antibiotic is commonly used to treat mild community acquired pneumonia in the outpatient setting?

Doxycycline

One of its side effects is sun sensitivity.

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What is the antibiotic of choice for a severe dental infection with a beta lactamase inhibitor?

Augmentin - amoxicillin-clavulanate

It is the drug of choice for dentistry.

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What is the appropriate treatment for a patient suspected of having anthrax with an ulceration on the arm and a black eschar?

Ciprofloxacin

This antibiotic is effective against anthrax.

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What is the treatment for a pregnant woman who tested positive for Group B strep?

Penicillin G

It is the recommended treatment during pregnancy.

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Which aminoglycoside is frequently used with antibiotics for severe infections?

Gentamicin

It is often used in combination therapy.

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What is the drug of choice for a yeast infection following antibiotics for a moderate UTI?

Fluconazole

It is effective for treating yeast infections.

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Why was rimantadine not prescribed for influenza?

Issues with resistance

Resistance has limited its effectiveness.

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What do you prescribe for a patient with normal renal function and a UTI?

Nitrofurantoin/Macrobid

Contraindicated after week 38 of pregnancy.

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What is the common oral cephalosporin prescribed for mild cellulitis and used for UTI?

Cefalexin

It is effective for treating these conditions.

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What class does the HIV medication lamivudine belong to?

NRTI

NRTI stands for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

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What is the empiric treatment for a patient with classic signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis?

Ceftriaxone, Vancomycin second line for MRSA

This combination is used for broad coverage.

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What IV antibiotic is being used for a patient in the hospital with a severe intraabdominal infection Foley has dark urine, jaundiced, light colored stools ?

Unasyn

ampicillin/sulbactam

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What type of hypersensitivity is indicated by a patient with urticaria and wheezing after taking an antibiotic?

Type 1 immediate hypersensitivity

This reaction is often associated with anaphylaxis.

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What is the empiric treatment for life-threatening fungal coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcus?

Amphotericin B

It is a potent antifungal medication.

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What labs should be checked when treating a patient with terbinafine for onychomycosis?

LFTs (liver enzymes)

Monitoring liver function is important with this medication.

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What medication is more convenient than acyclovir for treating herpes zoster in a pregnant patient?

Valacyclovir

It requires less frequent dosing.

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Which antiviral is listed as **category B** for pregnancy?

Valacyclovir ## Footnote Category B indicates no known risk in humans.

What is the **first line treatment** for **mucocutaneous candidiasis**?

Nystatin swish and spit ## Footnote It is effective for oral thrush.

What is the **first line treatment** for **intestinal roundworms**?

Mebendazole ## Footnote It is commonly used for this purpose.

What is the **first line treatment** for **Influenza A & B **?

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ## Footnote It can also be given prophylactically for family. By mouth Caution: cardiac, hepatic and renal impairment

Which influenza agent is contraindicated for **COPD and asthma** patients?

Zanamivir (Relenza) ## Footnote Inhaler medication.

Which influenza drugs does the **CDC** recommend against due to resistance?

* Amantadine * Rimantadine ## Footnote These drugs have shown decreased effectiveness.

What is the **therapeutic class** of **griseofulvin** and what is it used to treat?

Oral antifungal - tinea capitis, onychomycosis ## Footnote It is effective for fungal infections.

What were patients being treated with if they experienced a **Jarish-Herxheimer reaction**?

Praziquantel ## Footnote This reaction can occur with treatment for Helminths/schistosomiasis.

What medication is used to treat **plasmodium** with concerns about **cardiac arrhythmias**?

Chloroquine ## Footnote It is effective for malaria but has cardiac side effects.

What is the **first line treatment** for **bacterial vaginosis**?

Metronidazole ## Footnote It is commonly prescribed for this condition.

What is the **first line treatment** for **MRSA bacteremia**?

Vancomycin ## Footnote Slow down infusion to prevent Red Man Syndrome.

What is the **first line empiric antibiotic** for **febrile neutropenia**?

Cefepime ## Footnote It provides broad-spectrum coverage.

What medication inhibits **toxoplasma gondii** and is classified as **pregnancy category C**?

Pyrimethamine ## Footnote Caution is advised during pregnancy.

What is the **first line treatment** for **C. diff**?

Oral vancomycin ## Footnote It is effective for treating this infection.

Which antibiotics used for **UTI** have a known side effect of **hyperkalemia**?

TMP-SMX Bactrim ## Footnote Monitoring potassium levels is important.

What is the **first line treatment** for a patient presenting with **Giardia**?

Metronidazole ## Footnote It is effective for treating this parasitic infection.

What is the new treatment for a patient with **bacteremia** who started on **pipercillin** and has blood cultures growing ESBL positive with klebsiella?

Carbapenem - Meropenem ## Footnote It is effective against resistant organisms.

What class of medication has a **black box warning** for **tendon rupture**?

Fluoroquinolones ## Footnote This warning is due to serious side effects.

What is the classic medication used for **preoperative surgical prophylaxis**?

Cefazolin - Ancef ## Footnote It is commonly used to prevent infections.

What is the **HIV medication** that is a **fusion inhibitor** with minimal to low placenta transfer?

Enfuvirtide ## Footnote It is used in treatment-experienced patients.

What is the **second generation cephalosporin** used for upper and lower respiratory infections?

Cefaclor ## Footnote It is effective for treating respiratory infections.

What antibiotic is given for **gonococcal urethritis** in a patient with a severe penicillin allergy?

Ceftriaxone ## Footnote It is administered IM.

What is the **black box warning** for **ciprofloxacin**?

Tendon rupture ## Footnote This warning is important for patient safety.

What medication is prescribed for a patient with **prostatitis** that inhibits **DNA gyrase**?

Fluoroquinolones ## Footnote This class of antibiotics is effective for prostatitis.

What antibiotic would cover mostly everything for a patient who recently had a **knee replacement** and presents with cough and sputum?

Levofloxacin (Levaquin) ## Footnote It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Also for prostatitis, chronic bacterial

What medications could be used for **malaria prophylaxis**?

* Chloroquine * Malarone ## Footnote These medications are effective for prevention.

True or false: **Retonavir** is used as an **HIV post exposure regimen**.

TRUE ## Footnote It is part of post-exposure prophylaxis.

What **macrolide antibiotic** is not recommended during pregnancy?

Clarithromycin ## Footnote It is associated with potential risks.

What is prescribed for **premature prelabor rupture of membranes**?

Erithromycin ## Footnote It is used to prevent infection.

When prescribing **Augmentin**, what does **clavulanate** do?

Beta-lactamase inhibitor ## Footnote It protects amoxicillin from degradation.

What is wrong with the prescription of **paroxetine qhs 10.0**?

Not an appropriate prescription - not written out and has a trailing zero ## Footnote This can lead to dosing errors.

What is the **first line treatment** for **otitis media**?

Amoxicillin ## Footnote It is the standard treatment for this condition.

What is the **first line treatment** for **strep throat** via IM injection?

Penicillin G ## Footnote It is effective for streptococcal infections.

Why is **tetracycline** contraindicated in children under 8 and pregnant women?

Risk of tooth discoloration ## Footnote It can affect developing teeth.

What drug regimen for **active TB** causes **optic neuritis**?

Ethambutol ## Footnote This side effect is a known risk.

What drug is used to treat **latent TB** that has a black box warning for **hepatotoxicity**?

Isoniazid ## Footnote Monitoring liver function is essential.

What drug treats only **active tuberculosis**?

Pyrazinamide ## Footnote It is part of the active TB treatment regimen.

What antibiotics are considered safe in **pregnancy** for severe infections?

Ampicillin ## Footnote It is often used in pregnant patients.

What are the two main **warnings** for **aminoglycosides**?

* Nephrotoxicity * Ototoxicity ## Footnote These side effects require careful monitoring.

What antibiotic is prescribed for a **mild sinus infection** in a patient with a true penicillin allergy?

Azithromycin ## Footnote It is a suitable alternative.

What antibiotic is given to a patient who was bitten by a dog?

Amoxicillin-clavulanate ## Footnote It is effective for bite wounds.

What antibiotic is prescribed for a **bad sinus infection** in adults with no recent antibiotics?

Amoxicillin-clavulanate ## Footnote It is effective for treating sinus infections.

What is the **empiric treatment** for a **severe intraabdominal infection**?

Piperacillin / Tazobactam ## Footnote This combination is effective for polymicrobial infections.

What drug is used to treat TB that turns secretions **red**?

Rifampin ## Footnote This is a common side effect of rifampin.

Pharm derm 4 Flashcards

(68 cards)