Block 11 > Pharm: Diuretics > Flashcards

Pharm: Diuretics Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 5 classes of diuretic drugs?

A

Osmotic, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Loop, Thiazides, Potassium Sparing

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2
Q

What classes of diuretic drugs are potassium wasting?

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors, Loop, Thiazide

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3
Q

Diuresis __________ urine volume.

A

Increases

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4
Q

What is natriuresis?

A

Increase in renal sodium excretion

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5
Q

Diuretics act by inhibiting what?

A

Ion transport

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6
Q

What class of diuretics are the weakest?

A

Potassium-sparing

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7
Q

What class of diuretics are the strongest?

A

Loop diuretics

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8
Q

Water follows ________.

A

Sodium

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9
Q

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

Where do loop diuretics work?

A

Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

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11
Q

Where do thiazide diuretics work?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

Where do potassium sparing diuretics work?

A

Distal tubule and collecting duct

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13
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors inhibit the reabsorption of _________ in the ________.

A

HCO3- in the PCT

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14
Q

Loop Diuretics inhibit __________________ in the __________________________.

A

Na+/K+/Cl- co-transport in the ascending loop of Henle

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15
Q

Thiazide diuretics inhibit reabsorption of _______ and ________ in the ________________.

A

Na+ and Cl- in the distal tubule

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16
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics inhibit the aldosterone mediated reabsorption of ____ and secretion of ______ in the _____________.

A

Na+ and secretion of K+ in the Collecting duct

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17
Q

Where do osmotic diuretics work?

A

Proximal tubule and descending loop of Henle

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18
Q

What is an osmotic diuretic drug?

A

Mannitol

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19
Q

What are the uses of osmotic diuretics?

A

Decrease intracranial or intraocular pressure, promote urinary excretion of toxic substances, promote urine production

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20
Q

What are the side effects of osmotic diuretics?

A

Significant fluid changes and electrolyte imbalances

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21
Q

What is the primary site for the active reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Glucose, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium chloride, Amino acids

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22
Q

Where do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors act?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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23
Q

Sodium bicarbonate is important in the production of _____________.

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A

Aqueous humor

24
Q

What are CAI drugs?

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A

Acetazolamide

25
What is the mechanism of action of Acetazolamide?
Reduces hydrogen ion secretion at the renal tubule and increases renal excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate and water
26
What are the uses of Acetazolamide?
Glaucoma - closed angle, acute mountain sickness
27
What are the side effects of Acetazolamide?
Metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia, renal stones
28
Acetazolamide is contraindicated in what?
Sulfa allergy
29
What CAI drugs are used for glaucoma?
Acetazolamide, (Brinzolamide, Dorzolamide, Methazolamide)
30
Where do loop diuretics act?
Ascending loop of Henle
31
What are loop diuretic drugs?
Furosemide, Torsemide, Ethacrynic acid
32
Which Loop diuretic is NOT a sulfa drug?
Ethacrynic acid
33
What is the mechanism of action of Loop diuretics?
Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter
34
What are the uses of Loop diuretics?
Cardiac (CHF), pulmonary edema, hypertension (severe cases), edema
35
What are the side effects of loop diuretics?
Ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, acute hypovolemia, hypokalemic alkalosis, orthostatic hypotension
36
Loop diuretics are contraindicated in what?
Sulfa allergy (except ethacrynic acid)
37
Ototoxicity is a possible side effect with loop diuretics when specifically used with ___________________ drugs.
Aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs such as Gentamicin
38
Where do thiazide diuretics act?
Distal convoluted tubule
39
What are true thiazide diuretic drugs?
Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorothiazide
40
What are thiazide-like drugs?
Metolazone, (Chlorthalidone, Indapamide)
41
How do true Thiazides or thiazide-like drugs compare?
Thiazide-like drugs are more potent, have longer half life and are more lipid soluble
42
What are the uses of thiazide diuretics?
Hypertension, CHF, edema, hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
43
Thiazide diuretics cause _____________ but are used to treat ___________.
Cause hypercalcemia, used to treat hypercalciuria
44
Thiazide diuretics inhibit ___________ reabsorption in the distal tubules causing increased excretion of ________ and ________.
Na+ (NaCl co-transporter), Na+ and H2O
45
What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?
Hypokalemic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia
46
Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in what?
Sulfonamide allergy
47
Where do potassium sparing diuretics work?
Collecting duct
48
Where does ADH act?
Collecting duct
49
What is the major site of K+ secretion?
Collecting tubule
50
What are potassium sparing diuretic drugs?
Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride, Eplerenone
51
Can Triamterene and Amiloride be given with a sulfa allergy?
Yes
52
How do Triamterene and Amiloride work?
Block the Na+ channels
53
What is a side effect of Triamterene and Amiloride potassium sparing diuretics?
Hyperkalemia
54
What is the mechanism of action of Spironolactone and Eplerenone?
Synthetic aldosterone receptor antagonists - block androgen receptors
55
Can Spironolactone and Eplerenone be given with a sulfa allergy?
Yes
56
What are the uses of Spironolactone and Eplerenone?
Diuretics, secondary hyperaldosteronism - lower BP and help hypokalemia, heart failure, female hirsutism
57
What are the side effects of Spironolactone and Eplerenone (potassium sparing diuretics)?
Gynecomastia in males and irregular menstrual cycles in females, hyperkalemia
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