Pharmaceutical Technology

Question 1

Types of transport

Answer 1

• Transcellular
• Paracellular
• Intraneuron

Question 2

Properties of transcellular transport

Answer 2

• Active mechanisms
• Slow (>13 hours)

Question 3

Properties of paracellular transport

Answer 3

• Passive transport through gaps
• Rapid
• High turnover of olfactory sensory neurons can leave more gaps

Question 4

Advantages of intranasal delivery

Answer 4

• Non-invasive
• Can be self administered
• Bypass hepatic 1st pass effect
• Short onset of action

Question 5

Name the 7 barriers in intranasal delivery

Answer 5

• Nasal epithelial layer
• Nasal mucus (~5um)
• Metabolic enzymes
• Efflux pump
• Hair
• Mucociliary clearance
• Volume

Question 6

Lipinski’s rule of 5: ≤ 5 __________

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonds donors

Question 7

Lipinski’s rule of 5: ≤ 10 ___________

Answer 7

Hydrogen bond acceptors

Question 8

Lipinski’s rule of 5: size

Answer 8

<500 Da
- < 300 Da for N2B access of hydrophilic drugs
- <1 kDa for N2B access of lipophilic drugs

Question 9

Lipinski’s rule of 5: logP

Answer 9

<5

Question 10

Lipinski’s rule of 5: ionised or unionised?

Answer 10

unionised

Question 11

What is the excipient function of edetate disodium?

Answer 11

Metal chelator/preservative enhancer

Question 12

What is the excipient function of chlorobutanol?

Answer 12

Preservative

Question 13

What is the excipient function of ethanol?

Answer 13

Solvent

Question 14

What is the excipient function of glycerin/glycerol?

Answer 14

Solvent/tonicity adjustment

Question 15

What is the excipient function of glycine?

Answer 15

Solvent/tonicity adjustment

Question 16

What is the excipient function of PEG?

Answer 16

Solvent

Question 17

What is the excipient function of PG?

Answer 17

Solvent

Question 18

What is the excipient function of saccharin sodium?

Answer 18

Sweetener

Question 19

What is the excipient function of lecithin?

Answer 19

Surfactant

Question 20

What is the excipient function of polysorbate 20&80?

Answer 20

Surfactant

Question 21

What is the excipient function of tyloxapol?

Answer 21

Surfactant

Question 22

What is the excipient function of Na CMC?

Answer 22

Viscosity adjustment

Question 23

What is the excipient function of benzyl alcohol?

Answer 23

Preservative

Question 24

Containers should not have _________.

Answer 24

Chemical or physical interactions with drug and excipient

Question 25

Containers should ___________.

Answer 25

Protect formulation from contamination and degradation

Question 26

Requirements of nasal spray delivery device

Answer 26

- Stability with formulated product - User friendly design for patient compliance - Reliability in use

Question 27

Considerations for device design (6)

Answer 27

- Droplet size distribution - Viscosity - Spray pattern - Plume geometry - Dose volume - Velocity

Question 28

Advantages of powder

Answer 28

- Blowing through mouth avoids negative pressure and traps powder in nasal cavity - Less loss of drug

Question 29

Disadvantage of powder

Answer 29

- May cause irritation

Question 30

How are in situ gels activated?

Answer 30

By stimulus such as change in - pH - temperature - salt concentrations