Phase 1 Exam

Question 1

EPO is secreted from:

Answer 1

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES from cortical nephrons

Question 2

Function of Vasa Recta

Answer 2

COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGER - maintains concentration gradient

Question 3

PODOCYTES are also known as:

Answer 3

VISCERAL EPITHELIUM

Question 4

BOWMAN’s CAPSULE is also known as:

Answer 4

PARIETAL EPITHELIUM

Question 5

Cell found in the renal corpuscle which is modified

smooth muscle capable of phagocytosis

Answer 5

Mesangial Cell

INTRA and EXTRA Glomerular

Farmer turned soldier

Question 6

Formula for renal clearance

Answer 6

C = UV/P

U = urine conc
V = urine vol
P = plasma conc

Question 7

Effect of Angiotensin II

Answer 7

vasoDILATE AFFerent arteriole

Question 8

Effect of Nitric Oxide in Kidney

Answer 8

vasoCONStrict EFFerent arteriole

Question 9

Effect of Adenosine

Answer 9

vasoCONstrict AFFerent arteriole

Question 10

Which solute is mainly reabsorbed in the thick
ascending limb (TAL) of LH?

Answer 10

Magnesium

(PASAWAY)

Other solutes are reabsorbed in PCT

Question 11

Action of ANP and BNP in kidney

Answer 11

INHIBIT Na reABSORPtion

A - atrium
B - Bentricles

Counters Aldosterone (stimulates Na reabsorption)

Question 12

Gain of acids (Metabolic Acidosis)

Answer 12

HAGMA

Question 13

Loss of Bases

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 13

NAGMA

Question 14

What is the active form of Vitamin D?

Answer 14

CALCITRIOL

Question 15

AuerBACH Plexus is also called?

Answer 15

MYEnteric Plexus

MOTILITY

A-M-M

Question 16

MEISsner Plexus is also called?

Answer 16

SubMUCOsal Plexus

SECRETION

M-S-S

Question 17

GI PHYSIO

TRIGGER: CHON and aa (esp. F, W, M),
Gastric Distention

SOURCE: G cells of the ANTRUM

ACTIONS: Stimulates Parietal cells in
FUNDUS for HCl Secretion

Answer 17

(G for) GASTRIN

Question 18

GI PHYSIO

TRIGGER: H+ in the duodenum, FA in
duodenum

SOURCE: S cells in the duodenum

ACTIONS: Inhibits HCl secretion, increases
biliary and panc. HCO3-

Answer 18

SECRETIN

*this hormone does NOT affect pancreatic
ENZYME secretion!

Question 19

Meaning of GIP

Answer 19

Glucose-dependent Insulinotoropic Peptide

Stimulates insulin secretion

Secreted by K cells in duodenum

Question 20

Damage to this area in the hypothalamus will cause

weight gain

Answer 20

VentroMedial

VUTSOG - SATIETY Center

vs

Lateral - Lamon - Hunger center

Question 21

What is the GI pacemaker?

Answer 21

Interstitial cells of Cajal

SLOW WAVES

Slowest - Stomach
Fastest - Duodenum

Question 22

Empty into the intestinal glands, secrete an alkaline fluid composed of mucin, which exerts a physiologic ANTI-ACID function by coating the duodenal epithelium, therefore protecting it from the acid chyme of the stomach.

Answer 22

BRUNNER GLAND secretions

Question 23

Essential secretion of stomach

Answer 23

INTRINSIC Factor (IF)

X Vit B12
X DNA Formation

Question 24

GI Physio

Contains:

Mucus Neck Cells
Parietal Cells
Chief Cells

Answer 24

Oxyntic GLANDS (Body)

Question 25

GI Physio Contains: G Cells Mucus Cells

Answer 25

PYLORIC Glands (Antrum)

Question 26

GI Physio Contains: Mucus HCO3

Answer 26

Mucus Cells | Mucus Neck Cells

Question 27

GI Physio Contains: HCl IF

Answer 27

PARIETAL cells

Question 28

GI Physio Contains: Gastrin

Answer 28

G cells

Question 29

GI Physio Contains: Serotonin

Answer 29

enteroCHROMAFFIN Cells | The OG Boss

Question 30

GI Physio Contains: Histamine

Answer 30

enterochromafiin-LIKE Cells | The gaya gaya - histamine

Question 31

GI Physio Contains: Chief/Peptic Cells

Answer 31

PEPSInogen ChiefPEP

Question 32

Active component of bile?

Answer 32

GLYCO-deoxy-cholic TAURO-deoxy-cholic GLYCO-litho-cholic TAURO-litho-cholic ACIDS Let's emulsify knowledge!

Question 33

The only monosaccharides

Answer 33

GLUcose GALACtose FRUctose

Question 34

Difference of BILIRUBIN and BILE SALTS

Answer 34

BILE SALTS - emulsification of fats BILIRUBIN - breakdown of heme

Question 35

Most common 2nd messenger system

Answer 35

cAMP

Question 36

Oxytocin is produced from?

Answer 36

PARAventricular NUCLEI of ANTERIOR Hypothalamus

Question 37

Vasopressin (ADH) is produced from?

Answer 37

SUPERIOR OPTIC NUCLEI of ANTERIOR Hypothalamus

Question 38

The Anterior Pituitary produces what?

Answer 38

``` [BASOPHILIC] "BFLAT" F-SH L-H A-CTH T-SH M-SH ``` [ACIDOPHILIC] GH PROLACTIN

Question 39

TRUE or FALSE PTH have direct effect on small intestines.`

Answer 39

FALSE

Question 40

Function of PTH

Answer 40

Inc CALCIUM (Gustong-gusto talaga ni PTH ang Calcium na willing siya mawala si PHOSPHATE!) PHOSPHATE-TRASHING HORMONE

Question 41

PRODUCE sperm

Answer 41

Seminiferous tubules | Mother

Question 42

MATURES sperm

Answer 42

EPIDIDYMIS | School

Question 43

STORES sperm

Answer 43

VAS DEFERENS | House

Question 44

SUPPLIES sperm with NUTRIENTS

Answer 44

Seminal Vesicle | Father-supplier-store

Question 45

ALKALINIZE sperm

Answer 45

PROSTATE GLAND via 5-alpha reductase Testosterone --> DHT (Coach)

Question 46

Main form of estrogen during REPRODUCTIVE YEARS

Answer 46

estraDIOL | wifey & hubby

Question 47

Main form of estrogen during PREGNANCY

Answer 47

estraTRIOL | wifey, hubby. & baby

Question 48

Main form of estrogen during POST-MENOPAUSAL years

Answer 48

estrONE | wifey na lang

Question 49

HEMA PHYSIO Synthesis of Hgb starts

Answer 49

P RO [erythroblast] PBPORE

Question 50

HEMA PHYSIO NuclEOLI disappear

Answer 50

B ASOphilic [erythroblast] PBPORE

Question 51

HEMA PHYSIO Hgb disappears

Answer 51

P OLYchromatic [erythroblast] PBPORE

Question 52

HEMA PHYSIO Nucleus disappears

Answer 52

O RTHOchromatic [erythroblast] PBPORE

Question 53

HEMA PHYSIO Stage that enters blood

Answer 53

P OLYchromatic [erythroCYTE] PBPORE

Question 54

Granulocytes

Answer 54

Baso Eosino Neutro (highly lobulated)

Question 55

Smallest antibody

Answer 55

IgG

Question 56

Antibody that can enter placenta

Answer 56

IgG (kasi smallest)

Question 57

Largest antibody

Answer 57

IgM

Question 58

Antibody found in human secretions (saliva, Peyer's, milk)

Answer 58

IgA

Question 59

The first step in hemostasis is caused by

Answer 59

Endothelin-1 | Local myogenic spasm

Question 60

Factor III

Answer 60

Tissue Factor (extrinsic)

Question 61

Factor VII

Answer 61

``` Hageman Factor (intrinsic) ```