PHISO

Question 1

What skeletal muscles have a preload?

Answer 1

• Achilles and vocal-cords

Question 2

Isometric twitch/contraction

Answer 2

• Fixing the muscle length (skeletal muscles)
• Increase in tension but NO SHORTENING*
• Pushing against something that does not move

Question 3

What does “Contractions” mean

Answer 3

• Genertes “Tension” NOT SHORTENING

Question 4

Total Force =

Answer 4

Active force(afterload) + Passive force (preload)

Question 5

Relation between Force and Velocity

Answer 5

• Inversely related

Question 6

Relation between Force and length

Answer 6

• Proportionally related

Question 7

Tetanus

Answer 7

• Highest force of contraction

- Ca++ is not removed

Question 8

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 8

• NO Fatigue
• NO neurons
• Automatic contraction (gap junctions)
• Modulate intracellular calcium (Inotropism)*

Question 9

Fibrillation

Answer 9

• Random beating of the heart

Question 10

L-type Ca++ channels

Answer 10

• bring in Ca++ (cardiac muscle)

Question 11

Ryanodine

Answer 11

• reacts to Ca++ and release more Ca++ in Sarcoplasmic reticulum (cardiac muscle)

Question 12

What is Inotropism

Answer 12

• Altering Ca++ levels in cell

Question 13

Frank‐Starling law

Answer 13

• Increase force with preload stretch

Question 14

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Answer 14

• Change in cardiac rhythm from the “normal sinus rhythm”

Question 15

Sinus Arrhythmia

Answer 15

• Slight increase HR in Inspiration; Slight decrease HR in expeiration