phylogenetics

Question 1

why is phylogenetics

Answer 1

use of genetic information to construct diagrams to find the relationship between, within species/inidivuals

Question 2

what is phylogenetics used for?

Answer 2

taxonomy, evolutionary biology, conservation biology

Question 3

terminal node

Answer 3

black ones, at the end of a leaf

Question 4

internal node

Answer 4

hypothetic ancestor

Question 5

root

Answer 5

common ancestor of the whole tree

Question 6

branch

Answer 6

connects two nodes

Question 7

branch length

Answer 7

amount of evolution between two nodes

Question 8

degree

Answer 8

number of branches from an internal node

Question 9

polytomy

Answer 9

node with more than three branches

Question 10

fully resolved treee

Answer 10

no polytomies

Question 11

hard polytomy

Answer 11

all decendents evolved simultaneously

Question 12

soft polytomy

Answer 12

order of divergence is unknown

Question 13

cladogram

Answer 13

length of branch means nothing, showing common ancestry

Question 14

additive tree

Answer 14

branch tips, varying distances from root

branch lengths number of evolutionary changes

Question 15

untrametric tree

Answer 15

kind of additive tree, all terminal nodes end up in same place, measures time since common ancestor

Question 16

unrooted tree

Answer 16

no direction, still shows common ancestry