Phylogeny

Question 1

Tree of Life

Answer 1

bacteria
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
archaea
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ciliates
brown algae

green algae
mosses
ferns
conifers
flowering plants

red algae
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
fungi
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
jellyfish & corals
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
snails, squids, & clams
arthropods (spiders, insects, crustaceans)
nematodes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
echinoderms (sea cucumbers, sea stars, sea urchins)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
sharks
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
ray-finned fishes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
lungfish
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
frogs & salamanders
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
lizards & snakes
birds
turtles
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
mammals

Question 2

What are three distinct reasons that a gene tree could disagree with the species phylogeny from which it was taken?

Answer 2

• hybridization
• incorrect gene tree
• retention of ancestral polymorphism