Method of Adjusting Tonicity
Aka: Cryoscopic Method
D1%-Method
Method of Adjusting Tonicity
ΔTf = Liso x M
ΔTf of isotonic solution (0.9%) = 0.52°C
D1%-Method
Aka sodium chloride equivalent method
E-Value Method***
E= 17 X Liso/MW
(pag hindi binigay ang E, gagamitin itong formula)
E-Value Method***
Value of Liso
1. Non-electrolytes (dextrose) =
2. Weak electrolytes =
3. NaCl / KCl =
Colligative Property (4)
ΔTf = ikfm
Freezing Point
ΔTb = ikbm
Boiling Point
Class 1: (+) Tonicity Adjuster
Class 2: (+) water + isotonic solution
NaCl MW
58.5
H2O = wt. x E x 111.1
White Vincent Method
Measure of acidity or alkalinity of solutions
pH