Define acid.
A substance that donates protons (H+) in a chemical reaction.
Define base.
A substance that accepts protons (H+) in a chemical reaction.
What does the Bronsted-Lowry theory explain?
It explains acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors.
True or false: All acids are sour in taste.
TRUE
Common acids like citric acid and acetic acid are sour.
Fill in the blank: A strong acid completely _______ in water.
ionizes
What is a strong base?
A base that completely dissociates in water, such as sodium hydroxide.
True or false: Acids can turn litmus paper red.
TRUE
Fill in the blank: pH measures the _______ of a solution.
acidity or basicity
What is the pH scale range?
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
Define neutralization reaction.
A reaction between an acid and a base that produces water and salt.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?
Hydrogen gas and a salt.
True or false: Bases feel slippery to the touch.
TRUE
Fill in the blank: Acids react with carbonates to produce _______.
carbon dioxide
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.
Define weak acid.
An acid that partially ionizes in solution, such as acetic acid.
What is a weak base?
A base that partially ionizes in solution, like ammonia.
True or false: Ammonia is a strong base.
FALSE
Ammonia is classified as a weak base.
Fill in the blank: The conjugate base of an acid is formed when it _______.
loses a proton
What is the conjugate acid of a base?
The species formed when a base gains a proton.
Define acidic solution.
A solution with a pH less than 7.
Define basic solution.
A solution with a pH greater than 7.
True or false: Water is a neutral substance.
TRUE
Fill in the blank: The ion product constant of water (Kw) is _______ at 25°C.
1.0 x 10^-14
What happens to pH when an acid is added to a solution?
The pH decreases.
