Physical Sciences (GACE 705) > Physical Sciences > Flashcards

Physical Sciences Flashcards

(54 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

Chemical bonds charged ions
Complete transfer of electron from one atom to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

Mutual sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Weak, electrostatic attraction between partially shared H+ and pair of other atoms with high affinity for electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atomic Radius Periodic Trend

A

Increases down, decreases left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ionic Radius Periodic Trend

A

Decreases down, increases left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Covalent Radius Periodic Trend

A

Increases down, decreases left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electronegativity Periodic Trend

A

Decreases down, increases left to right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Colloid

A

Homogeneous noncrystalline substance of large molecules of one substrate distributed evenly throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ductillity

A

Ability of material to be stretched out into thin wire, changed in shape, or otherwise molded without breaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Viscosity

A

Fluid’s “thickness” = Internal friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

Voltage = Current x Resistance (V=IR)
Add together resistance of each resistor
–> I=V/R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A

Regardless of amount of molecules of gas in a container, if both are same temperature, average kinetic energy is also the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal Force

A

For an object being pushed on a horizontal surface, the “normal force” is the force in magnitude and opposite direction of gravitational force –> it equals the weight of the object and acts perpendicular to the surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Charles’ Law

A

for a gas at constant pressure, its volume and absolute temperature are directly proportional. This means if you increase the temperature of a gas, its volume will increase, and if you decrease the temperature, its volume will decrease, provided the pressure stays the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional; meaning, if you increase the volume of a gas, its pressure decreases, and if you decrease its volume, its pressure increases. In simple terms, a smaller container means higher pressure, and a larger container means lower pressure for the same amount of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual component gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Avogadro’s Law

A

the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas present, provided that the temperature and pressure remain constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ideal Gas Law

A

Ideal Gas Law: PV=nRT {Pressure, Volume, number of Moles, Gas Constant; Temperature)
When to use: When you have a single set of conditions and are given or need to find the pressure, volume, number of moles, or temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Combined Gas Law

A

Combined Gas Law: P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 {Pressure; temperature; time}
When to use: When the number of moles of gas is constant and you have two sets of conditions to compare (initial 1 and final 2).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Molarity

A

Measure of concentration - moles of solute/liters of solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Molality

A

Measure of concentration - moles of solute/kg of solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NAG SAG

Study These Flashcards
A

Always soluble:
Nitrates
Acetates
Group 1
Sulfates
Ammonium
Group 17

23
Q

PMS Castro Bear

Study These Flashcards
A

Never soluble:
Lead (Pb)
Mercury (Hg)
Silver (Ag)
Calcium (Ca)
Strontium (St)
Barium (Ba)

24
Q

Molar Mass

Study These Flashcards
A

Grams per mole of a given substance
Calculate by + number of atoms of each element in the compound from its chemical formula, multiply each element’s number of atoms by its atomic mass from the periodic table, and then add all the results together.

25
Chromatography
Chromatography is a laboratory technique used to separate a mixture into its individual components. The process involves a mobile phase (a fluid) and a stationary phase (a fixed material); the mixture is carried by the mobile phase through the stationary phase, and components separate based on their different affinities for each phase.
26
Calculate Kinetic Energy (KE)
1/2 mass (kg) x velocity^2 (m/sec)
27
Calculate Potential Energy (PE)
mass (kg) x acceleration due to gravity (g) x height (m)
28
Kelvin
= Celsius + 273
29
1st Law of Thermodynamics: Conservation of Energy
Energy is neither created nor destroyed; only transformed or transported
30
2nd Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy
Entropy (S) of universe increases in spontaneous processes and remains unchanged in equilibrium process; some energy is lost to surroundings (energy lost as heat)
31
3rd Law of Thermodynamics
32
How a calorimeter works...
33
Voltage / Amps
Joules/Coulomb (heat (work) per electron/second Amps = flow of electrons; 1 Amp = 1 Coulomb
34
What is the purpose of resistors?
Resistors in electric and electronic devices intentionally restrict flow of electrons [Amps] to protect other components of the device that have purposes such as creating light and/or heat
35
Capacitance (C)
charge on each plate of capacitor/electric potential difference [q/deltaV]
36
Electromotive Force (EMF)
Potential difference or voltage given to charges by a battery; measured in volts EMF = BLv(sin0) B=magnetic field L = length of wire in magnetic field V=velocity of wire in the field that it is perpendicular to
37
Coulombs Law
two objects with electric charges, either transferred in or induced, repel one another --> magnitude of force between charge q1 and charge q2 separated by r (distance between the two charges)is proportional to magnitude of charges and inversely proportional to square of distance between them [See mathematics / formulas]
38
Faraday's Law
a changing magnetic field through a coil of wire induces an electromotive force (EMF), or voltage, in the coil. The magnitude of the induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux (the amount of magnetic field passing through the coil) changes over time, and to the number of turns in the coil.
39
Lenz's Law
the direction of an induced electric current in a conductor is such that the magnetic field it creates opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it. For example, if a north pole of a magnet approaches a coil, the induced current will create its own north pole on the coil's surface to repel the magnet.
40
Collision Theory
Rate of reaction depends on rate of collisions. For a reaction to occur, particles must collide at high enough speed, with enough energy, and at proper orientation
41
Resistance
the property that determines the amount of current that will flow
42
Resistivity
the ability of various materials to conduct electric currents
43
Potential difference
equivalent to the amount of current multiplied by the resistance
44
Capacitance
the ratio of charge on one plate to potential difference
45
Electromotive Force (EMF)
the potential difference or voltage given to the charges by a battery
46
Pascal’s principle
In an enclosed fluid pressure changes at any point are transmitted undiminished at every point and act at all directions in the fluid. States that an applied pressure is transmitted undiminished through a fluid.
47
Bernoulli’s Principle
States that as the velocity of a fluid increases the pressure exerted by a fluid decreases
48
Archimedes principle
An upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid is called a buoyant force The buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by that object
49
Planck's Constant
6.626x10^-34
50
E=hf v=f(wavelength)
Energy=Planck's x frequency Velocity=frequency x wavelength
51
Newton's First Law
Object at rest or in motion will stay in its state unless acted upon by another force
52
Newton's Second Law
Force = Mass x Acceleration --> Acceleration = Force/Mass
53
Newton's Third Law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
54
Physical Sciences (GACE 705)
flashcards
Decks in class (1)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions