What is specific heat capacity?
Specific heat capacity (c) of a substance is the heat needed to change unit mass of the substance by unit temperature.
What is heat capacity of a body?
The heat capacity (C) of a body is the heat needed to change the body by unit temperature.
What is HEAT?
Heat is thermal energy in the process of transfer from a point of highter temperature to one of lower temperature, due to the temperature difference between them.
State BOYLE’S LAW
P ∝1/V (For a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to its volume.)
State CHARLES’ LAW
V ∝T (For a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature.)
State PRESSURE LAW
P ∝T (For a fixed mass of gas at a constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to its absolute (Kelvin) temperature.)
What is the UNIVERSAL LAW?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
What is the upper fixed point on the Celsius scale?
The upper fixed point (100 degrees Celsius) is the temperature of steam from pure boiling water at standard atmospheric pressure.
What is the lower fixed point on the Celsius scale?
The lower fixed point (0 degrees Celsius) is the temperature of pure melting ice at standard atmospheric pressure.
Define work. What type of quantity is it? State its formula in words and variables.
Work is the product of a force and the distance moved by its point of application in the direction of the force (vector quantity).
work = force x displacement
W = F x s
Define energy. What type of quantity is it? State its formula in words and in variables.
Energy is the ability to do work (vector quantity).
energy = force x displacement
E = F x s
Define power. What type of quantity is it? State its formula in words and variables.
Power is the rate of doing work or of using energy.
power = work/time or energy / time (since energy and work have the same formula)
P = W/t or E/t
What are the two forms of mechanical energy? Define both. State the formula for KINETIC ENERGY.
- Potential energy
- Kinetic energy
Potential energy is the energy a body has due to its position in a force field or its state.
Kinetic energy is the energy a body has due to its motion.
Formula for Kinetic Energy: E_K = 1/2 x mv^2.
What are the two forms of MECHANICAL potential energy and what is the formula for change in gravitational potential energy (gave one away)?
- Elastic potential energy
- Gravitational potential energy
ΔE_P = mgΔh
What are 8 types of energy? Define all except mechanical energy.
RECALL: MEN’S TECH
- Mechanical energy
- Electromagnetic energy (the energy of electromagnetic waves)
- Nuclear Potential energy (the energy binding particles of the nuclei of atoms)
- Sound energy (the energy transferred by vibrating particles of a sound wave)
- Thermal energy (the energy due to motion of the particles of a body)
- Electrical energy (energy resultin from charged particles being in electric fields)
- Chemical energy (the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds)
- Heat energy (thermal energy IN THE PROCESS OF BEING TRANSFERRED from one point to the next, due to a temperature difference between them)
NOTE: Heat energy is defined the same way heat is.
Define the principle of conservation of energy.
The principles of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but rather transferred from one form into another.
What are renewable energy sources and what are snon-renewable energy sources?
Renewable energy sources are those which are readily replaced.
Non-renewable energy soures are those which are not readily replaced and become scarce with time.
What are 5 renewable sources of energy?
RECALL: Solar Heat Generates Tremendous Watts Brightly
Solar Energy
Hydroelectric Energy
Geothermal Energy
Tidal Energy
Wind Energy
Biomass Energy
What are 3 examples of fossil fuels and another form of non-renewable energy?
Fossil fuels: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas (CON)
Another form of non-renewable energy is nuclear fuel.
What are 4 problems associated with obtaining electricity from fossil fuels? Explain each.
RECALL: Pollution Lessens Financial Health
- Pollution: Burning fossil fuels contaminates the environments with several pollutants including greenhouse gases.
- Limited Reserves: Supplies of fossil fuels are limited and rapidly diminishing.
- Fluctuating oil prices: Oil prices fluctuate, meaning it is a high risk market and unreliable long-term.
- Health care cost: Government funding is needed for health care facilities to deal with illnesses associated with pollutants from the burning of fossil fuels, making fossil fuel use costly.
