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physics 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is current?

A

rate of flow of charge

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2
Q

what is the direction of conventional current?

A

positive to negative

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3
Q

what is mean drift velocity proportional to?

A

current

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4
Q

in terms of mean drift velocity, what are the two ways you can increase current through a wire?

A

increase number of electrons or increase mean drift velocity of electrons.

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5
Q

what is p.d between two points defined as?

A

work done to move unit charge between these points.

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6
Q

what is a components resistance?

A

measure of how difficult it is to get a current to flow through it

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7
Q

what is length of wire proportional to?

A

resistance

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8
Q

does a thicker wire have more or less resistance?

A

less.

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9
Q

for metals, does resistivity increase or decrease when temperature increases?

A

increase

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10
Q

for semiconductors , does resisitivty increase or decrease when temperature increased?

A

decrease

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11
Q

what is ohm’s law?

A

provided physical conditions remain constant, current through ohmic conductor is directly proportional to potential difference across it.

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12
Q

what does NTC mean?

A

resistance decreases as temperature goes up

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13
Q

greater intensity of light means higher or lower resistance for LDR?

A

lower

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14
Q

what is internal resistance?

A

resistance due to electrons colliding with atoms inside the battery.

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15
Q

what is load resistance?

A

total resistance of all the components in the external circuit.

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16
Q

what is emf?

A

total amount of work the battery does on each couloumb of charge

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17
Q

what is terminal pd?

A

work done when one coloumb of charge flows through load resistance

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18
Q

Etotal=E1+E2+E3…

A

series

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19
Q

Etotal=E1=E2=E3…

A

parallel

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20
Q

kirchoff first law

A

current entering junction=current leaving junction

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21
Q

kirhoff second law

A

total emf=sum of pds

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22
Q

kirchoff first law conserves?

A

charge

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23
Q

kirchoff second law conserves?

A

energy

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24
Q

current same across each component

A

series

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25
emf split between components
series
26
R=R1+R2
series
27
1/R=1/R1 + 1/R2
parallel
28
what is a progressive wave?
carries energy from one place to another without transferring any material
29
what is phase difference?
amount by which one wave lags behind another
30
What is intensity?
rate of flow of energy per unit area at right angles to the direction of travel of the wave.
31
which has largest wavelength, radio or gamma?
radio
32
which has largest frequency, radio or gamma?
gamma
33
visible light approximate wavelength?
4x10^-7 to 7x10^-7
34
if a material is more optically dense, does light slow down or speed up when it enters it?
slows down
35
higher refractive index means higher or lower optical density?
higher
36
what is the principle of superposition of waves?
when two or more waves cross, the resultant displacement equals vector sum of individual displacements
37
what is a stationary wave?
superposition of two progressive waves with same wavelength and frequency but moving in opposite directions.
38
what is the radius of a nucleus proportional to?
cube root of nucleon number
39
what force does the strong nuclear force of attraction overcome?
electrostatic
40
when is the strong nuclear force repulsive?
at less than o.5fm
41
between o.5 and 3 fm is the strong nuclear force attractive or repulsive?
attractive
42
what kind of particles feel the strong nuclear force?
hadrons
43
are protons and neutrons hadrons or leptons?
hadrons
44
which hadron is stable and will not eventually decay into another particle?
proton
45
what type of decay is the decay of a neutron an example of?
Beta minus
46
neutron decay equation?
......................._ n----->p + e- +v
47
are hadrons fundemental particles?
no
48
are leptons fundemental particles?
yes
49
do leptons feel the strong nuclear force?
no
50
what type of particle are electrons and neutrinos?
leptons
51
what is the mass and electric charge of a neutrino?
almost zero and zero
52
do antiparticles have the same or opposite mass?
same
53
do antiparticles have the same or opposite charge?
opposite
54
/\ E =?
mc^2
55
When energy is converted into mass what happens?
you get equal amounts of matter and antimatter
56
what is the result when a particle meets its antiparticle?
annihilation- a pair of photons is produced
57
what are the building blocks for hadrons?
quarks
58
what are the kinds of quark?
up, down, strange and their antis
59
what type of hadron are protons and neutrons?
baryon
60
how many quarks in a baryon?
3
61
what is the quark composition of a meson?
quark and its anti
62
are mesons hadrons or leptons?
hadrons
63
What is the only type of force that can change one type of quark into another?
weak nuclear force
64
What happens in beta minus decay?
a neutron is changed into a proton
65
what type of interaction is beta plus decay?
weak
66
what happens in beta plus decay?
proton turns into neutron (positron emited)
67
what could the instability of a nucleus be caused by?
too many neutrons too few neutrons too many nucleons (heavy) too much energy in nucleus
68
'spontaneous and random' describes what?
an individual radioactive decay
69
what is an alpha particle?
helium nucleus
70
what is a beta minus particle?
electron
71
what is a beta positive particle?
positron
72
most to least ionising power?
alpha beta gamma
73
most to least penetrating?
gamma beta alpha
74
what is the decay constant?
probability of a specific nucleus decaying per unit time
75
does bigger decay constant mean faster or slower rate of decay?
faster
76
what is the half life of an isotope?
the average time it takes for the undecayed number of nuclei to halve
77
what is released when nuclear fission occurs?
two smaller nuclei large amount of energy number of free electrons
78
what is it called when two light nuclei combine to create a larger nucleus?
nuclear fusion
79
why is a lot of energy released during nuclear fusion?
the heavier nucleus has a higher binding energy per nucleon so a lower total mass
80
what is the fuel for fission reactors?
uranium or plutonium
81
why are fuel rods placed in a moderator?
to slow down and absorb neutrons
82
what do control rods do?
absorb neutrons so the rate of fission is controlled
83
What happens if there is relative motion between a conducting rod and a magnetic field ?
the electrons in the rod will experience a force which causes them to accumulate at one end which induces an emf across the ends of the rod
84
what must the conductor do to induce an emf?
cut the magnetic flux
85
can electric fields be attractive?
yes
86
can electric fields be repulsive?
yes
87
what kind of object has an electric field around it?
any object with charge
88
what will a charged object experience if it is placed in an electric field?
a force
89
what direction are electric field lines drawn in?
the direction of the force that would act on a positive charge
90
what is electric filed strength defined as?
force per unit positive charge
91
E (electric field strength)=
F/Q
92
Is electric field strength scalar or vector?
vector
93
what kind of electric field do point charges have?
radial
94
who's law does F=Qq/4pi3.r^2 represent?
coloumb's
95
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