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physics Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is newton 1st law

A

an object in motion will continue its state of motion until a resultant force acts on it

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2
Q

what is newton 2nd law

A

object will accelerate in the direction of the resultant force

F=ma

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3
Q

what is inertia

A

resistance of an object to change its state of motion due to its mass

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4
Q

what is newtons third law

A

if A exerts force on B, B will exert an equal and opposite force on A

Forces always happen in pairs
Action reaction forces are equal in magnitude, opposite direction and act on different bodies

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5
Q

formula for weight (W/N)

A

W=mg ( mass x gravitational field strength ie 10N/kg)

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6
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

Principle of moments state that if an object is at equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moment of the object about a pivot is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moment of the object about the same pivot.

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7
Q

What is centre of gravity

A

it is an imaginary point on an object where all the weight of an object seems to act on

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8
Q

formula for pressure in liquids

A

p = hpg

pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength

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9
Q

what are the two factors ( not include gravitational field strength ) that affect pressure in liquids

A

the density of liquid and the height of the liquid

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10
Q

Why is the water moving out of a toy water gun faster than the water inside the water gun?

A

cross sectional area of barrel ( ie area to shoot water) is smaller and thus since volume is the same, distance per second has to be larger and thus faster lor

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

4 types of HOW ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED?

A

via work done [ Energy in gravitational potential store is transfered to energy in kinetic store of the ball via work done on the ball ]

via temperature difference [ Energy in the internal(thermal) store of the boiling water transferred to the surroundings due to the temperature difference between the surrounds and the water ]

via propogation of waves [ Energy is transferred from A to B via the propogation of waves ] MAYBE ITS DUE TO RADIATION>

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13
Q

work done formula

A

workdone is the product of the force applied on an object and the distance moved by the object due to the force

OR

work done = force x distance travelled due to the force

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14
Q

kinetic energy formula

A

1/2 mv square

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15
Q

gravitational potential formula

A

mgh

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16
Q

what is the principle of conservation of energy

A

Principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed and can only be transferred from one store to another. Total energy in an isolated system remains constant.

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17
Q

power formula

A

e = pt

THUS
p = e/t

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18
Q

conduction describe in non-metals

A

thermal energy transfered to one end of object

particles at this end gain kinetic energy and move at faster speeds

these particles transfer kinetic energy to neighbouring particles as the collide with the neighbouring particles

neighbouring particles transfer kinetic energy to other particles through colliding with other particles as well till eventually entire object is heated up

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19
Q

conduction in metals

A

same as non-metals

talk about electrons.

metals have free and mobile electrons that when object heated, electrons gain kinetic energy and move at faster speeds.

electrons diffuse to the cooler end of metal

electrons then collide with particle in the coller end of metal that vibrate more vigorously and gain kinetic energy

thermal energy transfered

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20
Q

heat capacity formula

A

c = Q / temp diff
J/degrees celcius

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21
Q

specific heat capacity formula

A

c = Q / mass * change in temp
J/Kg*C

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22
Q

latent heat definition

A

energy released or taken in by substance to change the state of the substance at a constant temperature

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23
Q

specific latent heat definition

Study These Flashcards
A

energy released or taken in by substance to change state of the substance at a constance temperatuer per unit mass

24
Q

specific latent heat of fusion

Study These Flashcards
A

Lf = Q / mass

25
describe what is a transverse wave
Transverse waves are waves that has a direction of vibration perpendicular to the direction of wave travel
26
describe what is a longitudinal wave
Longitudinal waves are waves that has a direction of vibration that is parallel to the direction of wave travel
27
what is a wave front
imaginary line on a wave that connects all adjacent points that are in phase
28
how does sound travel
the source of vibration cause **surrounding particles to be distrubed and displaced.** This causes other surrounding particles to be **displaced.** This cause a **series of rarefraction and compression** to travel which **creates a sound wave whereb**y the wave travels parallel to the direction of the vibration of the particles Sound wave is a **longitudinal wave**
29
how to determine direction / bending / whether light bends | when it refracts
MALT more dense to less dense then light bends away from normal less dense to more dense then light bends towards normal
30
formula for getting n (refractive index)
n = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in medium refractive index is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the medium
31
focal point def
distance between focal length and optical centre
32
critical angle def
The critical angle is defined as the angle of incidence in an optically denser medium for which the angle of refraction in the optically less dense medium is 90 degrees
33
total internal reflection
2 conditions 1) light travelling from optically denser to less dense medium 2) angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle of the medium
34
how you know whether bend towards normal or not
MA LT more dense to less dense then light bends away less dense to more dense then light bends towards
35
what is speed of light
3.0 x 10 power 8 m /s
36
what is RMIVUXG
yea you know i think
37
how charge by friction
hapens between insulators, via friction, as insulators are rubbed together, electrons on surface of insulators move from one insulator to another. the insulator that loses electrons positive charged
38
electric field def
an area where an electric charge experience s an electric force | +ve charge
39
is +ve charge outwards out inwards
outwards ( I GOT TOO MUCH +VEITY)
40
why fuse connected to live wire
Fuse connected to live wire to ensure that when excess current flows through circuit, the thin wire ( fuse ) will melt and creating an open circuit, cutting off current flow. This ensures electric appliances are isolated from the high voltage, no shocks if live wires touches metal casing and user accidentally touches the metal casing
41
what is faradays | law
faradays law: states that when there is achange in magnetic flux linking an object, an induced electromotive force and current
42
what is lenz law
lenz law states that: direction of an induced emf and hence the direction of an induced current, is always such that the magnetic effect opposes the motion or change producing it ( DIRECTION OF EMF OPPOSITE OF DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD THAT CAUSED THE EMF IN THE FIRST PLACE )
43
what is the purpose of a split ring commutator
* reverses the direction of current every half revoltion * side closer to N pole always experience and upward force / downward force
44
what is the purpose of slip rings
* electrical contact between carbon brushes * ensures current flows * ensures wires are not tangled
45
soft magnetic example
iron
46
hard magnetic example
steel
47
# a difference between soft and hard magnetic materials
soft ( easily magnetised and demagnetised) hard ( difficult to magnetised and not easy to be demagnetised )
48
use of soft iron core in transformer
soft iron is soft Magnetic field lines will be concentrated through the soft iron core and there will be better magnetic flux linkage between the two coils and thus reducing energy loss and increasing efficiency
49
nuclear decay def
random and spontaneous decay whereby an unstable nuclei loses energy by emitting radiation
50
random decay def
decay has no definate pattern or predictability in the decay event
51
spontatneous decay
one cannot cause or influence the decay
52
penetrating power of alpha radiation
absorbed by piece of paper, thin metal foil or human skin
52
penetration power of beta radiation
absorbed by few mm of aluminium
53
penetration power of gamma rays
absorbed by a few cm of lead or very thick concrete
54
background radiation meaning
nuclear radiation in an environment where no radioactive source is deliberately introduced
55
half life def
time taken for half the number of nuclei in a sample to decay
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