What is Chemical energy?
The potential energy stored in the chemical bonds of compounds.
Ex.
Photosynthesis, Batteries, Food.
What is Electrical energy?
The work done by moving charges.
Ex.
Lights, Fridge, Lightning
What is Nuclear and Solar energy?
Nuclear - Potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.
Solar - Results from a hydrogen-hydrogen nuclear fusion reaction with the release of nuclear energy.
Ex.
Sun, Calculator, Electric cars.
What is Motion energy?
Kinetic - Any object in motion that could be made to do work because of its motion.
Gravitational potential - Any object that has the potential to do work because of its position.
Ex.
(Kinetic) Flowing water, (Kinetic) The wind, (Gravitational) Waterfall.
What is Heat/Thermal energy?
Heat - Defined as the transfer of thermal energy from a hot object to a cold one.
Thermal energy - Heat produced by the tiny partials in motion.
Ex.
Icecream (Melting), Heaters, Hot showers.
What is an open system? A closed system? And an Isolated system?
Open - Exchanged both matter and energy with surroundings. Ex. Humans
Closed - Exchanges only energy but does not exchange matter with its surroundings. Ex. Lightbulb
Isolated - Cannot exchange matter or energy with its surroundings. Ex. It is very hard to have a PERFECT system but think of a super effective, air tight thermos.
What are the two laws of thermodynamics?
1st - States that the total energy, including heat, in a system and its surroundings remains consistent.
2nd - States that heat always flows naturally from a hot object to a cold object but never naturally from a cold object to a hot object.
How do Significant digits work?
Any 0’s are significant except for leading zeros.
1-9 ARE significant.
When adding sig digs - Bump up the exponent if they are unequal. If the same, leave it.
When multiplying and dividing sig digs -
What’s the difference between a Vector and a Scalar?
Scalar - Has magnitude (How much).
Vector - Has magnitude (How much) AND direction that’s indicated by an arrow over the value.
How do you get started with converting units?
x and a line! Ex. 10m to cm = (10m/1) x (100cm/1m)
