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physics Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

velocity

A

a speed of something in a given direction

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2
Q

resultant

A

the overall force when two or more forces are acting on a object combined

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3
Q

what happens when forces are unbalanced

A

the object that the forces are acting on will accelerate or decelerate depending on which force has more Neutons

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4
Q

how to you calculate the acceleration

A

change in speed/time taken

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5
Q

what are contact forces

A

friction
air resistance
tension
normal force
upthrust
thrust

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6
Q

what are the non contact forces

A

weight
electrostatic force
magnetic force

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7
Q

what are other forces

A

applied force
compression

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8
Q

when a object is falling what two main objects are acting on it

A

air resistance and weight

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9
Q

what is terminal velocity

A

the maximum speed achieved by a object free falling (though a gas or liquid )

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10
Q

what is the relative motion

A

relative motion is the motion of an object from the perspective of another moving object

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11
Q

speed = ?

A

distance/time

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12
Q

what does friction convert energy into

A

into heat which is wasted

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13
Q

how do you calculate the overall force (resultant force) if they are going the same way

A

if they are going the same way you add the newtons together

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14
Q

how do you calculate the overall force (resultant force) if they are going opposite way

A

if they are going the opposite way then you minus the smaller number of newtons from the bigger number of newtons

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15
Q

if something is decelerating what does the overall amount have

A

if something is decelerating you work out the resultant force as usual but it will have a negative infant as its decelerating

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16
Q

how do you work out acceleration

A

acceleration=final velocity-initial velocity
_________________________________
time taken

(simple ways)

a= (v-u)/t

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17
Q

how do objects reach terminal velocity ?

A

Objects reach terminal velocity when the downward force of gravity is perfectly balanced by the upward force of air resistance (or drag), resulting in zero net force and constant speed

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18
Q

what 3 things do forces change to objects

A

the shape of an object
the direction of an object
the speed of an object

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19
Q

how does weight act

A

it always acts downwards

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20
Q

how does air resistance act

A

it acts the opposite way to the objects direction motion

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21
Q

how does upthrust act

A

it always acts upwards

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22
Q

what does gravity do

A

it brings objects down

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23
Q

what does air resistance do

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A

it slows objects down

24
Q

what does upthust do

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A

it acts against gravity and causes a object to stay a float

25
why do falling objects reach terminal velocity
because as the speed increases as the object is falling the air resistance increases to balance the forces which at this point its net force is zero which means it falls at a constant speed.
26
name three types of energy
kinetic chemical potential
27
What is redshift
Red shift is the stretching of wavelengths from objects as they move away which causes the light to become redder and energy decrease
28
What is CMBR
Cosmic microwave background radiation is a left over heat from the big bang which is picked up as a micro wave signal which fills the whole of the universe
29
What does cmbr shows
It shows the universe started hot and supported the big bang theory
30
What does red shift show
It shows that every thing in the universe is moving away from us
31
What is the life cycle of a star part1
It starts as gas and dust (nebula)which then condenses into a proto star (this is when the main sequence ) and then hydrogen fuses into helium to release energy which creates light/ heat .
32
What is the life cycle of a star p2 (smaller stars)
Depending on size if the star is smaller it slowly runs out of hydrogen which makes it a red giant ,it then runs out of helium in its core and becomes a white dwarf and trillions of years it becomes a black dwarf after emitting no light
33
What is the life cycle of a star p3 (larger stars )
If the star has a high mass it will go into its giant phase where it becomes a red supergiant and blows up creating a supernova (final phase ). After this the star will either become a neutron star or a black hole .this is the remnant
34
How do you calculate the change in wave length
change in wavelength = final wavelength- intital wavelength
35
How do you calculate orbital speed
2pie x orbital radius /orbital period
36
What is mass and what is it measured in
Measured in kg It is how much matter ,material or stuff is in an object
37
What is weight and what is it measured in
Measured in newtons It is the first acting on a object due to gravity
38
How do you work out weight
W= mass x gravitational field strength
39
How do you work out gravitational field strength
G = weight / mass
40
What is the Doppler effect
It is sounds from a retriting object that are heard to be lower if the object were stationary and if the object were approaching us it would be heard higher than if it were stationary
41
How does the Doppler effect connect with our galaxy / the universe
When distant galaxies are moving away from us the spectral lines are shifted to the red end of the spectrum because of the Doppler effect .the greater the shift the faster their moving
42
What does the upside down y stand for
Observed Wave length
43
What does the Updike down y with a circle around it stand for
Reference wavelength
44
why does gravitational field strength vary and where
it Varys on its mass and distance ,on a planet the gravitional field strength will be stronger because the mass is higher and you are on the planet but the gravitational mild strength decreases the further you go
45
how does the gravitational force cause moons to obit planets
the planets gravitational pull causes objects to pull towards it, this then causes the moon to always change direction maintaining a circular orbit
46
how does gravitational force cause planets to orbit the sun
the suns huge gravitational force causes planets to pull towards it ,but the planets have a high forward velocity so they don't fall through the sun. instead the curve round it in a circular orbit
47
how does gravitational force cause satellites to orbit earth
the satellites have to travel at a specific speed to have a balanced forward momentum with the earth .gravity provides down ward force to stop it travelling out of the atmosphere
48
how does gravitational force cause comets to orbit the sun
comets have a high elliptical orbit meaning they travel away from the sun until they are pulled back and they oval circle around the sun until they die and become rocks in our solar system
49
what is on the x axis of a hertz sprung Russel diagram
surface temperature- overall temperature spectral class- cloud (blue= hot to red = bright)
50
what is on the y axis of a hertz sprung Russel diagram
magnitude - size Luminosity- brightness
51
what is the evolution of the galaxy/ universe from the argument of the big bang theory
The Big Bang theory posits that the universe began ~13.8 billion years ago from an extremely hot, dense point and has been expanding and cooling ever since. It evolved from a particle soup into atoms, then stars and galaxies
52
what is evidence of the big bang
redshift and cosmic microwave backround radiation
53
why does a moving relative wave source compared to an observer will there be a change in the observed frequency and wavelength
because of the doppler effect. the relative motion between the source and the observer changes how the wave's wavefronts are distributed in space and how quickly they reach the observer.
54
what is the speed of light
3.0 x 10 ^8
55
describe the red shift in light received from galaxies at different distances away fro the earth
from the redshift the object being focused on will be moving away from us and if the object is in the blue shift it is moving towards us
56
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