What are scalars?
- Quantities with size (magnitude)
- Examples: distance, speed, mass, energy
Scalars do not have direction.
What are vectors?
- Quantities with size and direction
- Examples: displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight
Vectors are essential for describing motion and forces.
What is the resultant force?
A vector quantity
It represents the overall effect of all forces acting on an object.
Forces acting in the same direction can be __________.
added together
This results in a greater resultant force.
Forces acting in opposite directions can be __________.
subtracted
This determines the net force acting on an object.
Resultant forces can be resolved into their __________ and __________ components.
horizontal and vertical
This helps in analyzing forces acting at angles.
What does Newton’s Third Law state?
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
This law explains the interaction between two objects.
What does Newton’s First Law state?
An object’s motion will not change unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
This law describes inertia.
If the resultant force is 0 N, a stationary object will __________.
remain stationary
This indicates that no net force is acting on the object.
If the resultant force is 0 N, an object in motion will __________.
continue moving at the same velocity
This shows that the object maintains its state of motion.
If the resultant force is not 0 N, a stationary object will __________.
accelerate in the direction of the resultant force
This indicates that a net force is acting on the object.
What is acceleration?
The rate of change of velocity
It can involve speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.
Negative acceleration (slowing down) can also be called __________.
deceleration
This term is often used in everyday language.
What is the SI unit for acceleration?
m/s²
This unit measures how quickly velocity changes.
An object moving in a circle is __________.
accelerating
This is due to the constant change in direction.
Objects near Earth’s surface experience gravitational acceleration of __________.
9.8 m/s²
This value is crucial for calculations involving free fall.
Air resistance/drag __________ with speed.
increases
This affects the motion of objects moving through air.
What can velocity-time graphs be used to describe?
motion
They visually represent how velocity changes over time.
A horizontal line on a velocity-time graph shows __________.
constant velocity
This indicates no acceleration.
A straight line with a positive gradient shows that an object has __________.
positive acceleration (speeding up)
The slope indicates the rate of acceleration.
A straight line with a negative gradient shows that an object has __________.
negative acceleration/deceleration (slowing down)
This indicates a decrease in speed.
Acceleration can be calculated by __________.
calculating the gradient
The steepness of the line on the graph indicates acceleration.
Distance can be calculated from __________ on a velocity-time graph.
the area under the graph
This area represents total distance traveled.
A curved line on a velocity-time graph shows that __________.
acceleration is changing
This indicates varying rates of acceleration.
