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Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Innovated alternating current (AC) electrical systems

A

Nikola Tesla

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2
Q

Discovered electromagnetism and invented the electric motor

A

Michael Faraday

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3
Q

Formulated the theory of electromagnetism

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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4
Q

Created the model of the atom with quantized energy levels.

A

Niels Bohr

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5
Q

Invented electric battery

A

Alessandro Volta

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6
Q

Advanced understanding of blackholes and cosmology by unifying concepts from multiple fields including quantum mechanics, cosmology, thermodynamics, and informatics. Known for most his book, A Brief History of Time.

A

Stephen Hawking

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7
Q

Formulated the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.

A

Werner Heisenberg

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8
Q

Originated Quantum Theory

A

Max Plank

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9
Q

Developed wave mechanics in quantum theory, including wave equation named after him.

A

Erwin Schrodinger

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10
Q

(Biology) Discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic

A

Alexander Fleming

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11
Q

Created the first algorithm intended for machines, recognized as the first computer programmer.

A

Ada Lovelace

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12
Q

Developed the first nuclear reactor and contributed to quantum theory

A

Enrico Fermi

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13
Q

Discovered the relationship between electricity and magnetism

A

Hans Christian Orsted

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14
Q

Demonstrated that lightning is electrical and invented the lightning rod

A

Benjamin Franklin

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15
Q

Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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16
Q

Discovered the electron and proposed the “plum pudding” model of the atom

A

JJ Thompson

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17
Q

Pioneered cell theory, cell come from pre-existing cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

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18
Q

Proposed the theory of continental drift

A

Alfred Wegener

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19
Q

Father of Nanotechnology

A

Richard Feynmann

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20
Q

Who was the German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of electromagnetic waves, leading to the unit of frequency being named after him?

A

Heinrich Hertz

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21
Q

Who was the Austrian-Swedish physicist that played a key role in the discovery of nuclear fission but was overlooked for the Nobel Prize?

A

Lise Meitner

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22
Q

Who was the English physicist awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the neutron in 1932?

A

James Chadwick

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23
Q

Who was the physicist known as the “father of nuclear physics” for his discovery of the atomic nucleus through the gold foil experiment?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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24
Q

Who was the physicist and philosopher famous for his work in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, and has the constant named after him? Also known for formulating the kinetic theory of gases.

A

Ludwig Boltzmann

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25
Who is known as the "father of thermodynamics" for his foundational work on heat engines and the C___ cycle?
Sadi Carnot
26
Who formulated the second law of thermodynamics and introduced the concept of entropy?
Rudolf Clausius
27
What quantity remains constant when no external forces act on a system?
Momentum
28
What is the strongest force in nature?
Nuclear Force
29
The energy possessed by a body by the virtue of its position is called _______.
Potential Energy
30
What quantity causes angular acceleration? Also known as the rotational equivalent of force
torque
31
Gravitational force depends on:
mass and distance
32
Why are dams thicker at the bottom?
Pressure increases with depth
33
What property of liquids is being compared using hydrometer?
Density of the liquid
34
Loudness depends on...
amplitude
35
The value of gravitational constant was first determined by ______.
Henry Cavendish
36
What does temperature difference directly indicate?
Average Kinetic Energy
37
What does absolute zero physically represent?
Minimum molecular motion
38
Electric current is defines as the flow of _______
electric charge
39
A series circuit has equal _____, which a parallel circuit has equal ______.
Current, Voltage
40
_____ circuits reduce equivalence resistance.
Parallel
41
What unit is the total electrical energy consumed measured?
Joule
42
A moving charge produces _____ field.
Magnetic
43
A convex lens is also called _____ lens. Person with ______ use this.
Converging lens, hyperopia
44
A concave lens is also called _____ lens
Diverging lens, myopia
45
The separation of colors forming a rainbow is due to _____.
Dispersion
46
What phenomenon confirms the wave nature of light?
Diffraction
47
What law explains why hydraulic brakes work?
Pascal's Principle
48
Why do metals feel colder that wood at the same temperature?
Metals conduct heat faster
49
What type of magnetism is present in almost all substances?
Diamagnetic: weakly repels a magnetic field and has no permanent magnetic moment other options: Ferromagnetic: strongly attracts a magnetic field, retains permanent magnetism, and has aligned magnetic domains Paramagnetic: weakly attracts a magnetic field and has unaligned magnetic moments that align temporarily when exposed (parang meron-parang wala hahaha)
50
Which of Kirchhoff’s laws states that the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving it?
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
51
Which of Kirchhoff’s laws states that the sum of all voltage drops around any closed loop in a circuit equals zero?
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
52
What is the name of the sensitive instrument used to detect and measure small electric currents by the deflection of a needle to show magnitude and direction?
Galvanometer
53
What type of circuit is most commonly used in household wiring?
Parallel Circuit (SC PV)
54
PE+KE=?
Mechanical energy
55
A person pulls a sled with a constant horizontal force of 80 N. Over the trip, the sled moves a total of 25 m along the snowy ground, but its net displacement from start to finish is only 15 m in the direction of the force. How much work does the person do on the sled during this trip?
1200J W=Fscos0
56
Which is not a unit of power? a. J/s b.Kw/h c. Nm/s d. Watt
b.Kw/h: unit of ENERGY
57
What term describes the heat required to change the phase of a substance (e.g., melting or vaporizing) at constant temperature?
Latent heat (phase change)
58
what term describes the heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass by 1°C?
Specific heat (temperature change)
59
What type of electromagnetic waves are primarily used in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scanning to create detailed images of the body?
Magnetic and Radio waves
60
In an electromagnetic wave, what is the orientation between the electric field and the magnetic field, and how are their oscillations timed?
Perpendicular and in phase
61
Frequency range audible for human air is ____
20- 20,000Hz
62
What type of reflection occurs when light hits a rough or irregular surface and scatters in many directions?
Diffuse reflection
63
what type of mirror is used in security/surveillance mirror in a store that lets you see a wide area?
convex mirror
64
In a convex lens, if an object is placed beyond twice the focal length, the image will be: A) Virtual, upright, magnified B) Real, inverted, smaller C) Real, upright, magnified D) Virtual, inverted, smaller
B) Real, inverted, smaller
65
Which optical instrument uses a concave mirror? A) Car side-view mirror B) Shaving/makeup mirror C) Magnifying glass D) Peephole in a door
B) Shaving/makeup mirror
66
Which has a positive focal length in the standard mirror sign convention? A) Convex mirror B) Concave lens C) Concave mirror D) Convex lens
C) Concave mirror
67
Which pair are both diverging devices? A) Convex mirror and convex lens B) Concave mirror and convex lens C) Convex mirror and concave lens D) Concave mirror and concave lens
C) Convex mirror and concave lens
68
In the lens sign convention, a convex lens has a ________ focal length, and in the mirror sign convention, a convex mirror has a ________ focal length. A) Positive, positive B) Negative, negative C) Positive, negative D) Negative, positive
C) Positive, negative
69
What energy transformation occurs in a hydroelectric power plant?
Gravitational potential to electric
70
What optical phenomenon occurs when two or more light waves overlap, causing regions of increased or decreased intensity?
Interference of light
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