What are conductors?
Conductors are materials where charges (electrons) can move from atom to atom, such as copper.
What are insulators?
Insulators are materials that do not allow charges to move freely.
What is electric current?
Electric current is formed when all free moving charges move in the same direction.
What is required for current to flow?
A complete circuit including a power supply or battery/cell is required for current to flow.
How can electrical components be identified in circuits?
Electrical components can be identified in diagrams from their coded symbols.
What is a series circuit?
A series circuit is one where current can only follow one path.
What is a parallel circuit?
A parallel circuit is one that branches and allows more than one path for current.
What is potential difference?
Potential difference provides the energy required for current to flow and is measured in volts (v).
What is resistance?
Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for current to flow and is measured in ohms (Ω).
What is the relationship between current, potential difference, and resistance?
The relationship is described mathematically as: potential difference = current × resistance.
What happens to current in a fixed resistor?
For a fixed resistor, the current flowing is proportional to the potential difference.
How can objects become charged with static electricity?
Objects can become charged with static electricity through the action of friction.
What is charge transfer?
Friction can transfer charges (electrons) from or to objects.
What happens if an object loses electrons?
If an object loses electrons, it becomes positively charged.
What happens if an object gains electrons?
If an object gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged.
What is the behavior of objects with the same charge?
Objects with the same charge repel each other.
What is the behavior of objects with opposite charges?
Objects with opposite charge are attracted to each other.
