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physics topic 5 - forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Define force.

A

A push or pull acting on an object.

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2
Q

What unit measures force?

A

The unit of force is the Newton (N).

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3
Q

True or false: Gravity is a contact force.

A

FALSE

Gravity acts at a distance without direct contact.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Friction opposes ______.

A

motion

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5
Q

What is weight?

A

The force of gravity acting on an object’s mass.

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6
Q

Define mass.

A

The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms.

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7
Q

What does net force refer to?

A

The total force acting on an object after all forces are combined.

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8
Q

True or false: Balanced forces cause a change in motion.

A

FALSE

Balanced forces result in no change in an object’s motion.

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9
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by a force.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Inertia is the tendency of an object to ______.

A

resist changes in its state of motion.

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11
Q

What does friction depend on?

A

The types of surfaces in contact and the normal force.

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12
Q

Define normal force.

A

The support force exerted by a surface perpendicular to an object.

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13
Q

True or false: Air resistance is a type of friction.

A

TRUE

Air resistance opposes the motion of objects through air.

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14
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change of velocity of an object.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Mass affects an object’s ______.

A

acceleration under a given force.

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16
Q

What does gravity depend on?

A

The masses of the objects and the distance between them.

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17
Q

Define contact force.

A

A force that requires physical contact between two objects.

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18
Q

What is the formula for weight?

A

Weight = mass × gravitational acceleration.

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19
Q

True or false: Mass changes with location.

A

FALSE

Mass remains constant regardless of location.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: Newton’s second law states that force equals ______.

A

mass times acceleration (F = ma).

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21
Q

What is terminal velocity?

A

The constant speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by air resistance.

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22
Q

Define tension.

A

The pulling force transmitted through a string, rope, or cable.

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23
Q

What is the law of universal gravitation?

A

Every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to their masses.

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24
Q

True or false: Centripetal force acts outward on a body in circular motion.

A

FALSE

Centripetal force acts inward toward the center of the circular path.

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25
Fill in the blank: **Momentum** is the product of mass and ______.
velocity.
26
What is **static friction**?
The frictional force that prevents two surfaces from sliding past each other.
27
Define **kinetic friction**.
The frictional force acting between moving surfaces.
28
What does **free body diagram** represent?
A graphical illustration of all the forces acting on an object.
29
True or false: **Unbalanced forces** result in a change in motion.
TRUE ## Footnote Unbalanced forces cause acceleration or deceleration.
30
Fill in the blank: **Air resistance** increases with ______.
speed.
31
What is the effect of **mass** on gravitational force?
Greater mass results in a stronger gravitational pull.
32
Define **centrifugal force**.
An apparent force that acts outward on a body moving in a circular path.
33
What is **buoyant force**?
The upward force exerted by a fluid on an object immersed in it.
34
True or false: **Pressure** increases with depth in a fluid.
TRUE ## Footnote Pressure in fluids increases due to the weight of the fluid above.
35
Fill in the blank: **Torque** is the rotational equivalent of ______.
force.
36
What is the **principle of moments**?
For an object in equilibrium, clockwise moments equal counterclockwise moments.
37
Define **equilibrium**.
A state where all forces acting on an object are balanced.
38
What is **Newton's third law**?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
39
True or false: **Work** is done when a force moves an object.
TRUE ## Footnote Work is calculated as force times distance.
40
Fill in the blank: **Power** is the rate of doing ______.
work.
41
What is the unit of **power**?
The unit of power is the Watt (W).
42
Define **momentum**.
The quantity of motion an object has, dependent on mass and velocity.
43
What is **impulse**?
The change in momentum resulting from a force applied over time.
44
True or false: **Elastic potential energy** is stored in stretched materials.
TRUE ## Footnote Examples include springs and rubber bands.
45
Fill in the blank: **Gravitational potential energy** depends on height and ______.
mass.
46
What is the **conservation of momentum**?
In a closed system, total momentum before an event equals total momentum after.
47
Define **work done**.
The energy transferred when a force moves an object over a distance.
48
What is **frictional force**?
The force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact.
49
True or false: **Friction** can be beneficial in some situations.
TRUE ## Footnote Friction allows us to walk and drive without slipping.
50
Fill in the blank: **Net force** is the vector sum of all ______.
forces acting on an object.
51
What is the role of **friction** in motion?
Friction slows down or stops the motion of objects.
52
Define **applied force**.
A force that is applied to an object by a person or another object.
53
What is the effect of **surface area** on friction?
Increasing surface area generally increases friction, but not always.
54
True or false: **Weight** is a measure of mass.
FALSE ## Footnote Weight is the force due to gravity on an object's mass.
55
Fill in the blank: **Newton's second law** can be expressed as ______.
F = ma.
56
What does **acceleration due to gravity** equal on Earth?
Approximately 9.81 m/s².
57
Define **resultant force**.
The single force that represents the combined effect of all forces acting on an object.
58
What is the relationship between **force** and **acceleration**?
Force is directly proportional to acceleration for a given mass.
59
True or false: **Mass** affects the gravitational force between two objects.
TRUE ## Footnote More mass results in a stronger gravitational attraction.
60
Fill in the blank: **Centripetal force** is required for ______ motion.
circular
61
What is the **effect of mass on inertia**?
Greater mass results in greater inertia, making it harder to change motion.
62
Define **free fall**.
The motion of an object under the influence of gravity only.
63
What is **drag force**?
The resistance force experienced by an object moving through a fluid.
64
True or false: **Inertia** is dependent on velocity.
FALSE ## Footnote Inertia is solely dependent on mass.
65
Fill in the blank: **Work** is done when a force causes ______.
displacement.
66
What is the **unit of work**?
The unit of work is the Joule (J).
67
Define **potential energy**.
The stored energy of an object due to its position or state.
68
What is **kinetic energy**?
The energy of an object due to its motion.
69
True or false: **Energy** can be created or destroyed.
FALSE ## Footnote Energy can only be transformed from one form to another.
70
Fill in the blank: **Mechanical energy** is the sum of ______ and potential energy.
kinetic energy.
71
What is the **law of conservation of energy**?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
72
Define **work-energy principle**.
The work done on an object equals the change in its kinetic energy.
73
What is the role of **friction** in energy conversion?
Friction converts kinetic energy into thermal energy.
74
True or false: **Work** can be negative.
TRUE ## Footnote Negative work occurs when the force and displacement are in opposite directions.
75
Fill in the blank: **Power** is calculated as work done divided by ______.
time taken.
76
What is the **unit of energy**?
The unit of energy is the Joule (J).
77
Define **elastic potential energy**.
Energy stored in an object when it is compressed or stretched.
78
What is the effect of **height** on gravitational potential energy?
Higher height increases gravitational potential energy.
79
True or false: **Energy** can be transferred between objects.
TRUE ## Footnote Energy transfer occurs through work or heat.
80
Fill in the blank: **Inelastic collisions** conserve ______.
momentum.
81
What is the effect of **elastic collisions** on kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collisions.
82
Define **collision**.
An event where two or more bodies exert forces on each other.
83
What is the **impact of friction** on motion?
Friction slows down or stops moving objects.
84
True or false: **Friction** can be reduced by lubrication.
TRUE ## Footnote Lubricants create a barrier between surfaces to reduce friction.
85
Fill in the blank: **Work** is done when a force acts on an object and causes ______.
displacement.
86
What is the **relationship between force and acceleration**?
Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
87
Define **energy transformation**.
The process of changing energy from one form to another.
88
What is the **effect of mass on gravitational force**?
Greater mass results in a stronger gravitational attraction.
89
True or false: **Work** can be done without movement.
FALSE ## Footnote Work requires displacement in the direction of the force.
90
Fill in the blank: **Energy** is the ability to do ______.
work.
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