Increased BUA
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- Purine-rich diet
- Excessive consumption of alcohol beverages
Pathologic:
- Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
- Tumor lysis syndrome
Decreased BUA
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- Chemotherapy
- Inadequate dietary zinc intake
Pathologic:
- Fanconi syndrome
- HIV infection
Hyperproteinemia
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- dehydration
- chronic inflammation
Pathologic:
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
Hypoproteinemia
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- limiting food intake
- following restrictive diet
Pathologic:
- malnutrition
- Celiac disease
Hypoalbuminemia
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- reduced essential amino acids in diet
- malabsorption
Pathologic:
- Chronic liver disease
- Nephrotic syndrome
Hyperalbuminemia
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- high protein diet
- excessive albumin infusion
Pathologic:
- dehydration
- shock
Increased BUN
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- Excessive protein intake
- Stress
Pathologic:
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
Decreased BUN
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- Low-protein diet
- Impaired metabolic activity
Pathologic:
- Severe liver disease
- Acute tubular necrosis
Increased creatinine
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- large amount of proteins
- large amount of physical activities
Pathologic:
- Chronic kidney disease
- Kidney obstruction
Decreased creatinine
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- low muscle mass
- reduced muscle bulk
Pathologic:
- liver problems
- muscle disease such as muscular dystrophy
Increased SGPT
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- Fatigue
- drinking alcohol
Pathologic:
- heart attack
- hepatitis C
Increased SGOT
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- increased alcohol consumption
- consumption of herbal & dietary supplements
Pathologic:
- Cirrhosis
- Liver disease
Increased ALP
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- Physiologic bone grwoth
- lifestyle (eating fatty foods & drinking too much alcohol)
Pathologic:
- Osteoporosis
- Osteomalacia
Increased GGT
Physiologic:
Pathologic:
Physiologic:
- high alcohol consumption
- use of enzyme-inducing drugs
Pathologic:
- Obstructive liver disease
- hepatobiliary disease
