physiology

Question 1

Which feedback loop is most associated with homeostasis?

Answer 1

B. Negative

Question 2

In temperature regulation, which acts as the control center?

Answer 2

B. Hypothalamus

Question 3

Which is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 3

C. Uterine contractions during childbirth

Question 4

Homeothermy refers to:

Answer 4

B. Constant body temperature regulation

Question 5

Endothermy means:

Answer 5

B. Heat from metabolic processes

Question 6

Which tissue type specializes in absorption and secretion?

Answer 6

B. Epithelial

Question 7

Connective tissue does NOT:

Answer 7

C. Generate nerve impulses

Question 8

Which bond is formed by sharing electrons?

Answer 8

B. Covalent

Question 9

Hydrogen bonds are important in:

Answer 9

A. DNA base pairing

Question 10

Water is polar because:

Answer 10

A. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen

Question 11

A solution with pH = 4 is:

Answer 11

C. Strongly acidic

Question 12

Polar molecules are generally:

Answer 12

B. Hydrophilic

Question 13

Which is NOT a difference between DNA & RNA?

Answer 13

D. Both are double-stranded

Question 14

The primary role of nucleic acids is:

Answer 14

B. Store and transmit genetic info

Question 15

Carbohydrates follow which formula?

Answer 15

B. CH₂O

Question 16

Monosaccharides join by which reaction?

Answer 16

B. Condensation (dehydration)

Question 17

Starch is found in:

Answer 17

B. Plants

Question 18

Glycogen is stored in humans mainly in:

Answer 18

B. Liver & muscles

Question 19

The most efficient long-term energy storage molecule is:

Answer 19

C. Lipids

Question 20

Saturated fats are:

Answer 20

B. Packed tightly, solid at room temperature

Question 21

Phospholipids are amphipathic because they have:

Answer 21

C. A polar head and nonpolar tail

Question 22

The ‘R group’ in amino acids determines:

Answer 22

B. Chemical properties of the amino acid

Question 23

Which protein level is critical for function?

Answer 23

C. Tertiary

Question 24

Enzymes lower:

Answer 24

B. Activation energy

Question 25

Induced fit refers to:

Answer 25

A. Substrate forcing enzyme shape change

Question 26

Catabolic reactions:

Answer 26

B. Break molecules, release energy

Question 27

Enzymes work best at:

Answer 27

C. Their specific optimal pH & temperature

Question 28

A low Km means:

Answer 28

B. High substrate affinity

Question 29

Vitamins are:

Answer 29

B. Organic coenzymes

Question 30

Minerals are:

Answer 30

B. Inorganic, act as cofactors

Question 31

Which molecules cross membranes easiest?

Answer 31

B. Small nonpolar

Question 32

Which proteins span the membrane?

Answer 32

B. Integral

Question 33

Facilitated diffusion requires:

Answer 33

B. Transport proteins, no energy

Question 34

Osmosis is:

Answer 34

B. Movement of water across membrane

Question 35

Hypotonic solutions cause cells to:

Answer 35

B. Swell

Question 36

Sodium/Potassium pump moves:

Answer 36

B. 3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in

Question 37

Endocytosis means:

Answer 37

B. Cell engulfs molecules

Question 38

The correct order of food passage is:

Answer 38

B. Mouth → Pharynx → Esophagus → Stomach

Question 39

Chief cells secrete:

Answer 39

B. Pepsinogen

Question 40

Which neutralizes chyme in the duodenum?

Answer 40

C. Bicarbonate

Question 41

Brush border enzymes are located in:

Answer 41

C. Small intestine

Question 42

The liver does NOT:

Answer 42

C. Produce digestive enzymes

Question 43

The large intestine’s main role is:

Answer 43

B. Absorbing water/electrolytes

Question 44

Glycolysis produces net:

Answer 44

A. 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

Question 45

Pyruvate oxidation produces:

Answer 45

A. 2 Acetyl-CoA, 2 NADH, 2 CO₂

Question 46

Oxygen is needed because it is:

Answer 46

B. Final electron acceptor in ETC

Question 47

Anaerobic metabolism produces:

Answer 47

B. Lactate, regenerates NAD⁺

Question 48

The posterior pituitary releases:

Answer 48

A. Oxytocin & ADH

Question 49

Cortisol is regulated by:

Answer 49

B. CRH → ACTH

Question 50

Type II diabetes is primarily due to:

Answer 50

C. Insulin resistance in target cells